Small-scale Terrorist Attacks Using Biological and Chemical

0,72

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Agents

89

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1131

ID

Congressional Research Service

2004

rok

Contents

Introduction 1

Background 4

Definition of C/B Terrorism 4

Probability of a C/B Weapon Attack 5

Historical Acquisition and Use of C/B Agents 8

C/B Assessments 9

Assessments by Government Agencies 9

Military-use Assessment Compared to Terrorist-use Assessment 10

How Difficult Is it to Develop C/B Agents for Terrorist Use? 11

Agent Analysis 16

Chemical Agent Comparison 16

Choice of Chemical Agents Assessed 17

Criteria 17

Biological Agent Comparison 22

Choice of Biological Agents Assessed 22

Criteria 23

Toxin Agents Comparison 29

Choice of Toxin Agents Assessed 30

Criteria 30

Discussion 35

Potential Uses of Framework 35

Deviations From Assumptions 37

Terrorist Motivation-Specific Factors 38

Potential for Covert Deployment 38

Range of Lethality and Impact 39

Contagious Dissemination 40

Previous Use of C/B Agents 41

Source of C/B Agents 42

From a Manufacturing Site 42

From a Natural Source 42

From a Culture Collection 43

Manufacture and Preparation of C/B Agents 43

Policy Issues 44

Current Regulation 44

International Regulation 44

Domestic Regulation 44

Dual-Use Concerns 45

New Multinational Regulation Options 46

Prevention Versus Consequence Management 47

Law Enforcement Options 47

Health Care Options 48

Separating Assessments of Chemical and Biological Agents 49

Acceptable Level of C/B Terrorism Risk 50

Advances in Science and Science Policy 50

Conclusions 51

Appendix A 53

Methodology 53

How Criteria Were Chosen 53

The Weighting System 54

Appendix B 57

Appendix C 64

Appendix D 80