Study on Criminal Penalties in a Few Candidate Countries’

8,71
MB Environmental Law

743
stron

1283
ID Milieu Ltd

2003
rok

Volume I: Consolidated Report

Table of contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY USED ..17

2. OVERVIEW OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE21

2.1 CZECH REPUBLIC. 21

2.1. 1 Introduction ..21

2. 1.2 Criminal responsibility of natural persons.26

2.1.2.1 Classification of criminal offences 26

2.1.2.2 Criminal penalties in environmental law ..28

2.1.3 Criminal responsibility of legal persons.34

2.2 HUNGARY.. 35

2.2.1 Introduction ..35

2.2.2 Criminal responsibility of natural persons.37

2.2.2.1 Classification of criminal offences ..37

2.2.2.2 Criminal penalties in environmental law 38

2.2.3 Criminal responsibility of legal persons .42

2.3 LITHUANIA 43

2.3.1 Introduction ..43

2.3.2 Criminal responsibility of natural persons.45

2.3.2.1 Classification of criminal offences 45

2.3.2.2 Criminal penalties in environmental law 48

2.3.3 Criminal responsibility of legal persons .52

2.4 POLAND 53

2.4.1 Introduction ..53

2.4.2 Criminal responsibility of natural persons.58

2.4.2.1 Classification of criminal offences 58

2.4.2.2 Criminal penalties in environmental law 61

2.4.2.3 Alternative ways of settlement.66

2.4.3 Criminal responsibility of legal persons .66

2.5 SLOVAKIA.. 69

2.5.1 Introduction ..69

2.5.2 Criminal responsibility of natural persons.78

2.5.2.1 Classification of criminal offences 78

2.5.2.2 Criminal penalties in environmental law 81

2.5.3 Criminal responsibility of legal persons .87

3. CRIMINAL PROVISIONS AND PENALTIES FOR SELECTED EU DIRECTIVES89

4. NATIONAL CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE 107

4.1 CZECH REPUBLIC.. 107

4.1.1 Competent court for hearing criminal procedures ..107

4.1.2 Procedure for bringing a criminal case .109

4.1.3 Duration and costs of the procedures.111

4.1.4 Some statistics on proceedings .112

4.1.5 Most relevant cases and punishments imposed 115

4.1.6 Conclusions and recommendations 117

4.2 HUNGARY 119

4.2.1 Competent court for hearing criminal procedures ..119

4.2.2 Procedure for bringing a criminal case .120

4.2.3 Duration and costs of the procedures.121

4.2.4 Some statistics on proceedings .121

4.2.5 Most relevant cases and punishments imposed 123

4.2.6 Conclusions and recommendations 125

4.3 LITHUANIA. 127

4.3.1 Competent court for hearing criminal procedures ..127

4.3.2 Procedure for bringing a criminal case .130

4.3.3 Duration and costs of the procedures.131

4.3.4 Some statistics on proceedings .132

4.3.5 Most relevant cases and punishments imposed 134

4.3.6 Conclusions and recommendations 135

4.4 POLAND. 136

4.4.1 Competent court for hearing criminal procedures ..136

4.4.2 Procedure for bringing a criminal case, duration & costs of the procedure137

4.4.3 Some statistics on proceedings .147

4.4.4 Most relevant cases and punishments imposed 151

4.4.5 Conclusions and recommendations 152

4.5 SLOVAKIA 154

4.5.1 Competent court for hearing criminal procedures ..154

4.5.2 Procedure for bringing a criminal case .155

4.5.3 Duration and costs of the procedures.158

4.5.4 Some statistics on proceedings .158

4.5.5 Most relevant cases and punishments imposed 161

4.5.6 Conclusions and recommendations 164

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..167

ANNEX I: COMPLETE TEXTS OF CRIMINAL PROVISIONS ON ENVIRONMENT

ANNEX II: BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNEX III: RESEACRH GUIDELINES

Volume II: Tables of Concordance per country

Table of contents

1. Czech Republic

2. Hungary

3. Lithuania

4. Poland

5. Slovakia

* Order of the Tables of Concordance for each country:

Council Directive 75/439/EEC of 16 June 1975 on the disposal of waste oils

Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste

Council Directive 76/464/EEC of 4 May 1976 on pollution caused by certain dangerous

substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community

Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation on wild birds

Council Directive 83/513/EEC of 26 September 1983 on limit values and quality objectives for

cadmium discharges

Council Directive 88/609/EEC of 24 November 1988 on the limitation of emissions of certain

pollutants into the air from large combustion plants

Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste

Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild

fauna and flora

Council Directive 96/82/EC of 9 December 1996 on the control of major-accident hazards

involving dangerous substances

Council Directive 99/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic

compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations

Regulation (EC) No 2037/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 June 2000 on

substances that deplete the ozone layer