RIIA workshop report: International Environmental Crime - The

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Nature and Control of Environmental Black Markets

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1298

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Royal Institute of International Affairs

2002

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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 4

2 WHAT IS .INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME.?. 5

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME AS ENTERPRISE CRIME . 6

3 WHO ARE THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINALS?. 7

4 THE DRIVERS BEHIND ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME 10

4.1 CURTAILED SUPPLY AND UNMET DEMAND 10

4.2 INSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY FAILURES . 15

5 A JOINED-UP APPROACH TO TACKLING INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME. 22

5.1 IMPROVING NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT 22

5.2 IMPROVING INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION 24

5.3 NEW TECHNOLOGY . 26

5.4 COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE. 27

5.5 .LONG-ARM. ENFORCEMENT. 29

5.7 ADDRESSING SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR CONTRABAND 30

5.8 LESSONS FROM OTHER INTERNATIONAL CONTROL REGIMES . 34

6 PRIORITIES FOR ACTION 36

APPENDIX 1: WORKSHOP AGENDA. 39