| | Organised environmental crime in a few Candidate Countries |
| | 4,75 | | MB |
| | 325 | | stron |
| | 1299 | | ID | Betreuungsgesellschaft für Umweltfragen |
| | 2003 | | rok |
| | Table of contents |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS 2 |
| | 2. NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF ORGANISED CRIME IN THE SPHERE OF ENVIRONMENT6 |
| | 2.1. METHODS AND FRAMEWORK..6 |
| | 2.2. MARKETS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC.10 |
| | Illegal trade in endangered species 10 |
| | Illegal pollution, dumping and storage of waste, including transfrontier shipment of hazardous waste |
| | .21 |
| | Illegal commercial trade in ozone depleting substances ..28 |
| | Illegal dumping and shipment of radioactive waste.30 |
| | Illegal logging 31 |
| | Illegal Fishing 38 |
| | 2.3. MARKETS IN ESTONIA43 |
| | Illegal trade in endangered species 43 |
| | Illegal pollution, dumping and storage of waste, including transfrontier shipment of hazardous waste |
| | .44 |
| | Illegal commercial trade in ozone depleting substances ..46 |
| | Illegal dumping and shipment of radioactive waste.47 |
| | Illegal logging 49 |
| | Illegal fishing..54 |
| | 2.4. MARKETS IN HUNGARY.56 |
| | Illegal trade in endangered species and their products .56 |
| | Illegal pollution, dumping and storage of waste, including transfrontier shipment of waste.58 |
| | Illegal commercial trade in ozone depleting substances ..62 |
| | Illegal dumping and shipment of radioactive waste.63 |
| | Illegal logging 63 |
| | Illegal fishing..64 |
| | 2.5. MARKETS IN LITHUANIA66 |
| | Illegal trade in endangered species 66 |
| | Illegal pollution, dumping and storage of waste, including transfrontier shipment of waste.68 |
| | Illegal commercial trade in ozone depleting substances ..70 |
| | Illegal dumping and shipment of radioactive waste.71 |
| | Illegal logging 73 |
| | Illegal fishing..76 |
| | 2.6. MARKETS IN POLAND.78 |
| | Illegal trade in endangered species 78 |
| | Illegal pollution, dumping and storage of waste, including transfrontier shipment of waste.83 |
| | Illegal commercial trade in ozone depleting substances ..94 |
| | Illegal dumping and shipment of radioactive waste.97 |
| | Illegal logging .103 |
| | Illegal fishing107 |
| | 2.7. CASES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC.111 |
| | In-depth example..112 |
| | Overall Remarks114 |
| | 2.8. CASES IN ESTONIA115 |
| | In-depth examples115 |
| | Overall Remarks118 |
| | 2.9. CASES IN HUNGARY.119 |
| | In-depth example..119 |
| | Overall Remarks120 |
| | 2.10. CASES IN LITHUANIA 122 |
| | Cases of organised environmental crime..122 |
| | Overall Remarks128 |
| | 2.11. CASES IN POLAND.129 |
| | In-depth examples129 |
| | Overall Remarks133 |
| | 2.12. THE CASES IN COMPARISON .137 |
| | 3. INFORMATION ON THE NATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS TO CONTROL ORGANISED |
| | ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC..156 |
| | 3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW156 |
| | The significance of environmental law in the context of the overall legal system - a brief overview |
| | 156 |
| | Constitutional aspects concerning the protection of the environment. |
| | Identification of the leading principles in the field of environmental policy. 157 |
| | Development, principles and technique of environmental legislation. |
| | Relationship between environmental law in general and environmental criminal law ..159 |
| | 3.2. ORGANISED CRIME ..165 |
| | The (domestic) definition of organised crime ..165 |
| | Some remarks on the extension of organised crime in the country ..166 |
| | How extensive is the overlapping between environmenal and organised crime? |
| | Theoretical and empirical perspectives.168 |
| | 3.3. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST INDICATING THE TITLE AND PUBLICATION REFERENCES OF |
| | THE RELEVANT TEXTS IN FORCE ..173 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both organised crime and its legislation..173 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both environmental crime and its legislation..173 |
| | |
| | A complete list of texts concerning organised environmental crime .174 |
| | Further explanation of the legal texts..174 |
| | Description of the link between environmental criminal law and organised crime legislation ..202 |
| | 3.4. FRAMEWORK OF THE APPLICABLE LEGISLATION 203 |
| | The key principles of environmental criminal law ..203 |
| | The key principles of organised crime legislation..207 |
| | Parallels and differences ..212 |
| | 3.5. SANCTIONS IN THE FIELD OF ORGANISED ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME.. ..213 |
| | Introduction to the sanction system .213 |
| | The sanctioning practise (official statistics concerning the number of criminal investigations, |
| | convicted persons, sanctions imposed)220 |
| | 4. INFORMATION ON THE NATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS TO CONTROL ORGANISED |
| | ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN ESTONIA..225 |
| | 4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW225 |
| | The significance of environmental law in the context of the overall legal system - a brief overview |
| | 225 |
| | Constitutional aspects concerning the protection of the environment. |
| | Identification of the leading principles in the field of environmental policy. 226 |
| | Development, principles and technique of environmental legislation.229 |
| | Relationship between environmental law in general and environmental criminal law ..232 |
| | 4.2. ORGANISED CRIME ..234 |
| | The (domestic) definition of organised crime ..234 |
| | Some remarks on the extension of organised crime in the country ..235 |
| | How extensive is the overlapping between environmenal and organised crime. |
| | Theoretical and empirical perspectives.238 |
| | 4.3. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST INDICATING THE TITLE AND PUBLICATION REFERENCES OF |
| | THE RELEVANT TEXTS IN FORCE ..239 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both organised crime and its legislation..239 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both environmental crime and its legislation..240 |
| | |
| | A complete list of texts concerning organised environmental crime .248 |
| | 4.4. FRAMEWORK OF THE APPLICABLE LEGISLATION 248 |
| | The key principles of environmental criminal law ..248 |
| | The key principles of organised crime legislation..249 |
| | Parallels and differences ..250 |
| | 4.5. SANCTIONS IN THE FIELD OF ORGANISED CRIME IN THE SPHERE OF THE |
| | ENVIRONMENT..250 |
| | Introduction to the sanction system .250 |
| | The sanctioning practise (official statistics concerning the number of criminal investigations, |
| | convicted persons, sanctions imposed).254 |
| | 5. INFORMATION ON THE NATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS TO CONTROL ORGANISED |
| | ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN HUNGARY ..261 |
| | 5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW261 |
| | The significance of environmental law in the context of the overall legal system - a brief overview |
| | 261 |
| | Constitutional provisions concerning the protection of the environment. |
| | Identification of the leading principles in the field of environmental policy. 262 |
| | Development, principles and technique of environmental legislation. |
| | Relationship between environmental law in general and environmental criminal law ..263 |
| | 5.2. ORGANISED CRIME ..267 |
| | The (domestic) definition of organised crime ..267 |
| | Some remarks on the extension of organised crime in the country ..269 |
| | How extensive is the overlapping between environmenal and organised crime. |
| | Theoretical and empirical perspectives.271 |
| | 5.3. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST INDICATING THE TITLE AND PUBLICATION REFERENCES OF |
| | THE RELEVANT TEXTS IN FORCE ..272 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both organised crime and its legislation..272 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both environmental crime and its legislation..272 |
| | |
| | A complete list of text concerning organised environmental crime 274 |
| | Description of the link between environmental criminal law and organised crime legislation ..275 |
| | 5.4. FRAMEWORK OF THE APPLICABLE LEGISLATION 275 |
| | The key principles of environmental criminal law ..275 |
| | The key principles of organised crime legislation..278 |
| | Parallels and differences ..279 |
| | 5.5. SANCTIONS IN THE FIELD OF ORGANISED CRIME IN THE SPHERE OF THE |
| | ENVIRONMENT..279 |
| | Introduction to the sanction system .279 |
| | The sanctioning practise (official statistics concerning the number of criminal investigations, |
| | convicted persons, sanctions imposed).281 |