| | Organised environmental crime in the EU Member States |
| | 11,4 | | MB |
| | 765 | | stron |
| | 1300 | | ID | Betreuungsgesellschaft für Umweltfragen |
| | 2003 | | rok |
| | Table of contents |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS 1 |
| | 2. NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF ORGANISED CRIME IN THE SPHERE OF ENVIRONMENT. 7 |
| | 2.1. METHODS AND FRAMEWORK. 7 |
| | 2.2. EU-MARKETS 14 |
| | Endangered species . 14 |
| | Waste 20 |
| | Ozone depleting substances. 27 |
| | Radioactive Waste . 32 |
| | Timber .. 37 |
| | Fishing .. 41 |
| | 2.3. CASES IN AUSTRIA.. 46 |
| | In-depth example. 46 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 48 |
| | 2.4. CASES IN BELGIUM. 51 |
| | In-depth examples.. 51 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 56 |
| | 2.5. CASES IN DENMARK 60 |
| | In-depth example. 60 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 65 |
| | 2.6. CASES IN FINLAND.. 68 |
| | In-depth example. 68 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 69 |
| | 2.7. CASES IN FRANCE .. 72 |
| | In-depth example. 72 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 74 |
| | 2.8. CASES IN GERMANY .. 77 |
| | In-depth examples.. 77 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 90 |
| | 2.9. CASES IN GREECE.. 92 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 92 |
| | 2.10. CASES IN IRELAND.. 94 |
| | Overall Remarks.. 94 |
| | 2.11. CASES IN ITALY. 98 |
| | In-depth examples.. 98 |
| | Overall Remarks 103 |
| | 2.12. CASES IN LUXEMBOURG 105 |
| | In-depth example.. 105 |
| | Overall Remarks 107 |
| | 2.13. CASES IN THE NETHERLANDS . 110 |
| | In-depth examples 110 |
| | Overall Remarks 113 |
| | 2.14. CASES IN PORTUGAL .. 117 |
| | In-depth example.. 117 |
| | Overall Remarks 118 |
| | 2.15. CASES IN SPAIN . 120 |
| | In-depth example.. 120 |
| | Overall Remarks 124 |
| | 2.16. CASES IN SWEDEN .. 127 |
| | In-depth example.. 127 |
| | Overall Remarks 129 |
| | 2.17. CASES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 133 |
| | In-depth examples 133 |
| | Overall Remarks 138 |
| | 2.18. THE COUNTRIES CASES IN COMPARISON 141 |
| | 3. ÉTUDE DE LA CRIMINALITÉ ORGANISÉE EN MAT IČRE DE |
| | L'ENVIRONNEMENT 165 |
| | 3.1. DROIT DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT.. 165 |
| | L'importance du droit de l'environnement dans le contexte du systčme légal en général - vue |
| | d'ensemble 165 |
| | La protection de l'environnement et la constitution - Les principes de la police de l'environnement . |
| | 166 |
| | Développement, principes et technique de la législation concernant l'environnement . 168 |
| | 3.2. LA CRIMINALITÉ ORGANISÉE. 169 |
| | Définition française de la criminalité organisée 170 |
| | Ampleur du phénomčne en France 172 |
| | 3.3. UNE INTERFÉRENCE ENTRE LE DROIT RÉPRESSIF DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET LE DROIT |
| | CONCERNANT LA CRIMIN ALITÉ ORGANISÉE EXISTE-ELLE ? SI OUI, QUELLE IMPORTANCE |
| | A-T-ELLE ? - PERSPECTIVES THÉORIQUES ET EMPIRIQUES - 174 |
| | 3.4. LISTE CHRONOLOGIQUE INDIQUANT LE TITRE ET LA SOURCE DES LOIS EN MATIČRE |
| | DE LA CRIMINALITÉ ORGANISÉE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT 175 |
| | Sélection de lois concernant la criminalité organisée .. 175 |
| | Sélection de lois concernant la délinquance de l'environnement .. 176 |
| | Liste complčte de lois concernant la criminalité organisée en matičre de l'environnement . 177 |
| | Liste des textes légaux en vigueur concernant le contrôle de la criminalité organisée en matičre de |
| | l'environnement .. 177 |
| | Le cas échéant, description du rapport entre le droit répressif de l'environnement et la législation |
| | contre la criminalité organisée. Autrement: Réflexions sur la raison de non-existence d'un tel rapport |
| | . 177 |
| | 3.5. LES CONDITIONS DE BASE DE LA LÉGISLATION EN VIGUEUR .. 179 |
| | Les principes du droit répressif de l'environnement .. 179 |
| | Les principes du droit répressif contre la criminalité organisée .. 186 |
| | Parallčles et différences 193 |
| | 3.6. LES SANCTIONS EN MATIČRE DE CRIMINALITÉ ORGANISÉE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT 196 |
| | |
| | Introduction au systčme français de sanctions pénales.. 196 |
| | La pratique des sanctions (statistiques officielles concernant le chiffre des affaires policičres, des |
| | condamnés et des peines infligées). 200 |
| | 3.7. BIBLIOGRAPHIE.. 203 |
| | 4. INFORMATION ON THE NATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS TO CONTROL ORGANISED |
| | ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN GERMANY 206 |
| | 4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 206 |
| | The significance of environmental law in the context of the overall legal system - a brief overview |
| | 206 |
| | Does the constitution contain provisions concerning the protection of the environment? |
| | Identification of the leading principles in the field of environmental policy. . 206 |
| | Development, principles and technique of environmental legislation .. 208 |
| | 4.2. ORGANISED CRIME .. 209 |
| | The (domestic) definition of organised crime. 209 |
| | Some remarks on the extension of organised crime in the country.. 210 |
| | 4.3. .HOW EXTENSIVE IS THE OVERLAPPING BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISED |
| | CRIME? -THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PERSPECTIVES.. 212 |
| | 4.4. . CHRONOLOGICAL LIST INDICATING THE TITLE AND PUBLICATION REFERENCES OF |
| | THE RELEVANT TEXTS IN FORCE.. 217 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both organised crime and its legislation.. 217 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both environmental crime and its legislation.. |
| | 218 |
| | A complete list of texts concerning organised environmental crime. 219 |
| | 4.5. FRAMEWORK OF THE APPLICABLE LEGISLATION .. 219 |
| | The key principles of environmental criminal law 219 |
| | The key principles of organised crime legislation 222 |
| | Parallels and differences.. 225 |
| | 4.6. SANCTIONS IN THE FIELD OF ORGANISED CRIME IN THE SPHERE OF THE |
| | ENVIRONMENT .. 225 |
| | Introduction to the sanction system 225 |
| | The sanctioning practise (official statistics concerning the number of criminal investigations, |
| | convicted persons, sanctions imposed) .. 228 |
| | 4.7. EXTENDED BIBLIOGRAPHIE .. 236 |
| | Annex a: Police cases dealing with basic environmental crimes.. 260 |
| | Annex b: legal up-to-date texts.. 265 |
| | 5. INFORMATION ON THE NATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS TO CONTROL ORGANISED |
| | ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN ITALY .. 300 |
| | 5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 300 |
| | The significance of environmental law in the context of the overall legal system - a brief overview. |
| | 300 |
| | Does the constitution contain provisions concerning the protection of the environment? |
| | Identification of the leading principles in the field of environmental policy. . 301 |
| | Development, principles and technique of environmental legislation, relationship between |
| | environmental law in general and environmental criminal law. 302 |
| | 5.2. ORGANISED CRIME .. 305 |
| | The (domestic) definition of organised crime I -the public and scientific debate 305 |
| | Some remarks on the extension of organised crime in the country.. 307 |
| | The domestic definition of organised crime II -the offence of mafia-type delinquent association 312 |
| | |
| | 5.3. HOW EXTENSIVE IS THE OVERLAPPING BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANISED |
| | CRIME?.. 313 |
| | 5.4. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST INDICATING THE TITLE AND PUBLICATION REFERENCES OF |
| | THE RELEVANT TEXTS IN FORCE.. 322 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both organised crime and its legislation.. 322 |
| | A selection of the most important texts concerning both environmental crime and its legislation.. |
| | 323 |
| | A complete list of texts concerning organised environmental crime. 324 |
| | Description of the link between environmental criminal law and organised crime legislation.. 324 |
| | 5.5. FRAMEWORK OF THE APPLICABLE LEGISLATION .. 325 |
| | The key principles of environmental criminal law 325 |
| | The key principles of organised crime legislation 328 |