House of Cards: The Pivotal Importance of a Technically Sound

1,54

MB

BWC Monitoring Protocol

115

stron

1658

ID

Henry L. Stimson Center

2001

rok

Preface and Acknowledgements ..i

Table of Contents..v

List of Boxes and Tables.vii

List of Abbreviations..ix

Executive Summary xi

Chapter 1: Introduction.1

Purpose and Methodology of the Report..4

Chapter 2: An Overview of International Efforts to Prohibit Biological Weapons 11

The Onset of Efforts to Strengthen the BWC..13

Chapter 3: By the Book: Academic and Research Institute Perspectives on BWC Monitoring.21

Pre-inspection Activities 24

On-site Monitoring Activities: Level 1 Inspection25

On-site Monitoring Activities: Level 2 Inspection34

On-site Monitoring Activities: Level 3 Inspection40

Chapter 4: Industrial Strength Expertise: The Views of Pharmaceutical and

Biotechnology Industry Experts on BWC Monitoring..49

Pre-inspection Activities 51

On-Site Monitoring Activities: Site Tour..53

On-Site Monitoring Activities: Review of Documents and Records ..62

On-Site Monitoring Activities: Interviews 68

On-Site Monitoring Activities: Sampling and Identification ..69

On-Site Monitoring Activities: Photographs, Videotapes, and Report Preparation .73

Industry Group Assessment of Monitoring Techniques.75

Chapter 5: Concluding Observations and Recommendations .85

Points of Alignment Between the Brainstormers and the BWC Protocol Negotiators ..86

Points of Disagreement Between the Brainstormers and the BWC Protocol Negotiators 89

Factoring Pertinent Inspection Experience into the BWC Protocol .94

Final Thoughts About the Course Ahead ..98

Appendix: Participant Biographies 101

About the Project.109