Sampling and sample pretreatment for soil pollutant monitoring

0,87

MB

104

stron

1791

ID

Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape

2004

rok

CONTENTS

ABSTRACTS 7

FOREWORD 9

1 Introduction 11

1.1 General 11

1.2 Objectives 11

1.3 Scope 11

1.4 Contents 13

2 Purpose and quality assurance 15

2.1 Uncertainties due to heterogeneity 15

2.2 Sampling quality 17

2.2.1 Quality criteria 17

2.2.2 Quality assurance 17

3 Sampling fundamentals 19

3.1 Problem and objectives 19

3.2 Preliminary investigations 19

3.2.1 Objectives and methods 19

3.2.2 Contamination hypotheses and hazards 19

3.3 Monitoring requirements 20

3.4 Sampling plan 20

3.4.1 Introductory remarks 20

3.4.2 Sampling pattern 21

3.4.3 Sample types 24

3.4.4 Taking of composite samples 25

3.4.5 Sampling depth 26

3.4.6 Sample quantities 27

3.4.7 Site description 28

4 Long-term and reference monitoring – NABO 29

4.1 Purpose and objectives 29

4.1.1 Long-term monitoring 29

4.1.2 Reference monitoring 29

4.2 Preliminary investigations 29

4.3 Monitoring requirements 29

4.4 Sampling plan 31

4.4.1 Sampling plan for initial sampling and reference monitoring 31

4.4.2 Sampling plan for subsequent samplings 31

4.4.3 Obtaining composite samples with area sampling 33

5 Delimitation of contaminated soils 35

5.1 Purpose and objectives 35

5.2 Preliminary investigations 35

5.2.1 Procedure 35

5.2.2 Contamination hypothesis and hazards 36

5.3 Monitoring requirements 36

5.4 Sampling plan 37

5.4.1 Sampling pattern 37

5.4.2 Sample types 37

5.4.3 Obtaining composite samples 37

5.4.4 Sampling depth 37

5.4.5 Site description 40

5.4.6 Sample quantity 40

6 Performance of sampling 42

6.1 Advising those concerned 42

6.2 Safety precautions 42

6.3 Location of cables and piping, and authorisation 42

6.4 Personnel 42

6.5 Sampling times and sequence 43

6.6 Sample quantity 43

6.7 Sampling devices 43

6.8 Taking volume samples 45

6.9 Monitoring forms 45

6.10 Surveying the sampling site 45

6.11 Packing, labelling and transport of samples 47

7 Sample pretreatment and archiving 48

7.1 Sample pretreatment 48

7.2 Sample archiving 50

7.2.1 Archive samples 50

7.2.2 Storage conditions 50

8 Notes on the monitoring forms 51

9 Literature 69

Annexes 73

Annex 1 Quality check list 75

Annex 2 Identification of possible soil pollution 79

Annex 3 Exceedance of guide values due to contentsin parent rock 81

Annex 4 Data recording for mass balances in agriculture 83

Annex 5 Monitoring forms 87