Development and application of waste factors - an overview

0,74

MB

58

stron

1820

ID

European Environment Agency

2000

rok

Table of contents

Executive summary . 3

SECTION I . 9

1. Background. 9

2. Objective and scope . 10

3. Definitions 11

3.1. Terminology 11

3.2. Levels of application12

3.3. Characteristic features of waste factors .14

3.4. Waste factors and environmental management instruments15

4. Projections and scenarios applying waste factors 16

4.1. EU and national level .16

4.2. Production process level .17

4.3. General conditions and circumstances of waste generation .17

4.4. The role of waste factors in the EU policy and strategy ‘towards sustainability’ 18

5. Waste factors – activities, experiences, results 19

5.1. General remarks 19

5.2. Waste factors at national level and industrial sector level .20

5.3. Waste factors at technology level21

5.4. Warning signals .23

6. First assessment and conclusions 24

6.1. General considerations 24

6.2. Interested parties and corresponding levels of application .25

6.3. Availability and practical experience .26

6.4. Methodology, framework and system boundary .27

6.5. Linkage to other indicators27

6.6. Waste factors – quantitative and qualitative aspect.29

7. Conclusions and recommendations for further work . 30

SECTION II . 31

Example 1 Total waste generation versus economic productivity 33

Example 2 Establishment of the Environmental Pressure Information System (EPIS) .34

Example 3 Material and energy accounting and calculation of minimisation costs in the National

Green Account.35

Example 4 Steel industry, secondary smelting and hot rolling .36

Example 5 Minimising used sand in foundry industry 37

Example 6 Municipal waste in a 10 million inhabitant EU-Region, industrialised to a high extend.38

Example 7 Industrial waste generation related to size of enterprises 40

Example 8 Waste factors – an initial study.41

Example 9 Future waste generation – forecasts on the basis of a macroeconomic model . .42

Example 10 The Netherlands environmental programme 1997 – 2000 .43

Example 11 RCRA environmental indicators44

SECTION III . 45

SECTION IV . 54