IMPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION ON INDUSTRIAL

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INNOVATION: THE CASE OF END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES

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1833

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INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES

1999

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Contents

Executive summary5

1. INTRODUCTION.8

2. THE PROBLEM OF ELV.9

2.1 GENERAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS .9

2.2 INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS AND ACTORS’ STRATEGIES .13

3. DEVELOPMENTS OF ELV POLICY IN EUROPE15

3.1 NATIONAL-LEVEL DEVELOPMENTS.15

3.2 EU-LEVEL DEVELOPMENTS 18

4. TECHNICAL OPTIONS AND INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCES IN MANAGING ELV21

4.1 DIFFERENT TECHNICAL OPTIONS 21

4.2 A SELECTION OF INTEGRATED APPROACHES AND INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCES .29

5. MAIN FEATURES OF THE INNOVATIVE PROCESS AND THE ROLE OF POLICIES.38

• POLICY EXPECTATIONS AND LEGISLATIVE THREATS HAD A LEADING ROLE IN INDUCING

ELV MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCES 38

• TARGETS AND INSTRUMENTS SETTING ARE BASED ON STRATEGIES AND CONFIDENCE

ON INNOVATION BUT ALSO ON DIVERGING VIEWS ON HOW TO TRIGGER THE LATTER .39

• EXPERIENCES ON ELV HIGHLIGHTS THE EVOLVING SEARCH OF THE “BEST APPROACH”

AND SHIFTING FOCUS ON DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS NONE OF WHICH, HOWEVER, HAVE

BEEN ABANDONED .40

• VARIETY OF EXPERIENCES REFLECTS DIFFERENT COMPANY CAPABILITIES AS WELL AS

DIFFERENT NATIONAL CONTEXTS 42

• “COOPERATIVE COMPETITION” BETWEEN CAR PRODUCERS AND INSIDE ELV NETWORKS

EMERGED AND CREATED EXTERNALITY EFFECTS 43

• NEW TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION IN THE AUTOMOBILE SYSTEM AROSE WHICH

STIMULATE THE PROBLEM OF THE CONTROL 43

• THE DISMANTLING INDUSTRY HAS A PIVOTAL ROLE FOR THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF

ELV AND THUS FOR THE POLICY-INDUCED INNOVATION MECHANISM44

• THE TRAJECTORY OF MATERIALS IN THE CAR INDUSTRY IS LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED BY

ELV DEVELOPMENTS, ESPECIALLY WHEN DESIGN ADAPTATIONS ARE CONSIDERED. THE

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CAR INDUSTRY AND THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY ARE THE

MOST SIGNIFICANT IN THE PROCESS. 46

• RECYCLABILITY REQUISITES AND CORRESPONDING DESIGN ADAPTATIONS CAN CREATE

SOME TECHNOLOGICAL TRADE-OFFS WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGICAL TRAJECTORIES OF

THE CAR INDUSTRY 48

• THE COHERENCE OF ELV POLICIES IN TERMS OF HARMONISATION AT THE

INTERNATIONAL LEVEL CAN BE QUESTIONED ON VARIOUS GROUNDS50

6. EMERGING LINKS BETWEEN REGULATION AND INNOVATION52

7. REFERENCES .59

8. LIST OF INTERVIEWS62