| | Regulation and innovation in the recycling industry |
| | 0,59 | | MB |
| | 122 | | stron |
| | 1836 | | ID | INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES |
| | 2000 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY4 |
| | ES.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE .4 |
| | ES.2 ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 4 |
| | ES.3 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION .5 |
| | ES.4 PLASTICS .5 |
| | ES.5 OVERARCHING FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .6 |
| | PART 1 - INTRODUCTION.8 |
| | 1.1 BACKGROUND AND RATIONAL9 |
| | 1.2 OBJECTIVES10 |
| | 1.3 SCOPE11 |
| | 1.3.1 CLIENT 11 |
| | 1.3.2 DEFINITIONS11 |
| | 1.3.3 COVERAGE 12 |
| | 1.4 APPROACH 14 |
| | 1.5 AN OVERVIEW OF DRIVERS FOR INNOVATION16 |
| | 1.6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.17 |
| | PART 2 - RECYCLING OF ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE) .18 |
| | 2.1 INTRODUCTION19 |
| | 2.1 BACKGROUND 19 |
| | 2.2 STRUCTURE OF PART 2 .19 |
| | 2.2 MAIN ACTORS IN THE SYSTEM OF WEEE-RECYCLING.21 |
| | 2.3 DRIVING FORCES FOR RECYCLING OF WEEE26 |
| | 2.3.1 DEFINITIONS26 |
| | Definition of Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE)26 |
| | Types of recycling of end-of-life EEE 26 |
| | 2.3.2 MAIN FACTORS INHIBITING RECYCLING OF WEEE.27 |
| | There is a large variety of products and parts/components/materials.27 |
| | The “variety problem” demands integrated collection strategies 27 |
| | The “variety problem” demands expendable treatment of EEE28 |
| | The “variety problem” entails economic disadvantages .28 |
| | The solution-strategy “Eco-design” is somewhat limited28 |
| | First conclusion 28 |
| | Regulation and Innovation in the Recycling Industry: Defining the links |
| | European Commission 2 JRC-IPTS’s ESTO network |
| | 2.3.3MAIN FACTORS PROMOTING RECYCLING OF WEEE.29 |
| | Technological research and development in the recycling industry in order to raise the productivity |
| | of recycling processes .29 |
| | Re-design of EEE-products by producers in order to facilitate recycling .29 |
| | Information system on the construction of EEE and the materials used in order to facilitate |
| | disassembling of EEE and the separation of materials for further processing .30 |
| | Take back systems and other measures to increase the amount of WEEE brought into the recycling |
| | process 30 |
| | Financial basis for EEE-recycling.30 |
| | Responsibilities of different actors involved in the system of WEEE-recycling .31 |
| | Positive public climate towards the recycling of end-of-life EEE31 |
| | 2.4 REGULATION AND INNOVATION IN THE CASE OF EEE-RECYCLING: THE MAIN LINKS32 |
| | 2.4.1 REGULATION AND PRODUCT INNOVATION .32 |
| | 2.4.2 REGULATION AND PROCESS INNOVATION 37 |
| | 2.4.3 REGULATION AND ORGANISATIONAL INNOVATION41 |
| | 2.4.4 SYSTEMIC INNOVATION TO MEET REGULATION46 |
| | 2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.47 |
| | PART 3 - RECYCLING IN THE BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR .53 |
| | 3.1 INTRODUCTION54 |
| | 3.1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR54 |
| | 3.1.2 STRUCTURE OF THIS SECTION .55 |
| | 3.2 SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS56 |
| | 3.3 DRIVERS AND BARRIERS FOR RECYCLING.57 |
| | 3.3.1 TECHNOLOGICAL VERSUS ORGANISATIONAL INNOVATIONS .57 |
| | 3.3.2 LANDFILL OPTIONS57 |
| | 3.3.3 TECHNICAL STANDARDS58 |
| | 3.3.4 PRICE OF THE RECYCLED MATERIAL.59 |
| | 3.4 REGULATIONS AND INNOVATIONS: THE LINKS – EXPLORED THROUGH INDUSTRY |
| | EXAMPLES .60 |
| | 3.4.1 EXAMPLE 1: KORRELMIX® – QUALITY CERTIFICATION FOR RECYCLED |
| | AGGREGATES.60 |
| | Description of Korrelmix .60 |
| | Development of Korrelmix60 |
| | Effects of Korrelmix on recycling 61 |
| | Relationship between regulation and the Korrelmix innovation62 |
| | Conclusions.62 |
| | 3.4.2 EXAMPLE 2: SELECTIVE DEMOLITION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM63 |
| | Description of selective demolition63 |
| | Demonstration projects related to selective demolition.63 |
| | Drivers and barriers to selective demolition .65 |
| | Relationship between regulation and selective demolition 65 |
| | Conclusions.66 |
| | 3.4.3 EXAMPLE 3: IN-SITU RECYCLING OF ASPHALT IN DENMARK 66 |
| | Description of in-situ recycling66 |
| | Development and use of the innovation .67 |
| | Effects of regulation on the innovation 68 |
| | Conclusions.68 |
| | Regulation and Innovation in the Recycling Industry: Defining the links European Commission 3 |
| | JRC-IPTS’s ESTO network |
| | 3.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.69 |
| | PART 4 - RECYCLING OF PLASTICS.72 |
| | 4.1 INTRODUCTION73 |
| | 4.1.1 BACKGROUND.73 |
| | 4.1.2 PLASTICS IN END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES.74 |
| | 4.1.3 PLASTICS IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC WASTE75 |
| | 4.1.4 PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE 75 |
| | 4.2 SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS AND DRIVERS FOR RECYCLING77 |
| | 4.2.1 INTRODUCTION77 |
| | 4.2.2 PLASTICS IN END-OF-LIFE VEHICLES.78 |
| | 4.2.3 PLASTICS IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC WASTE79 |
| | 4.2.4 PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE 80 |
| | 4.3 REGULATIONS AND INNOVATION: THE LINKS – EXPLORED THROUGH INDUSTRY |
| | EXAMPLES 81 |
| | 4.3.1 INTRODUCTION: APPROACHES TO PLASTICS WASTE RECYCLING 81 |
| | 4.3.2 PLASTICS IN END OF LIFE VEHICLES83 |
| | PRAVDA (PRojektgruppe Altautoverwertung der deutschen Automobilindustrie) .84 |
| | CARE (Consortium for Automotive REcycling).85 |
| | RECAP: RECovery and re-use of plastic materials derived from Automobile Production and |
| | scrapping .87 |
| | Regulation and innovation in plastics recycling in the automotive industry .89 |
| | 4.3.3 PLASTICS IN ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC WASTE90 |
| | Development of a "green" TV set.92 |
| | Regulation and innovation in plastics recycling in electric and electronic waste .95 |
| | 4.3.4 PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE 96 |
| | Demolition waste from PVC 97 |
| | Transparent Insulations98 |
| | 4.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.99 |
| | PART 5 - OVERVIEW OF LINKS AND LESSONS.105 |
| | 5.1 INTRODUCTION106 |
| | 5.2 KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.107 |