| | ENLARGEMENT FUTURES PROJECT: Expert Panel on Sustainability, |
| | 0,91 | | MB | Environment and Natural Resources |
| | 132 | | stron |
| | 1838 | | ID | INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES |
| | 2001 | | rok |
| | Table of Content |
| | Executive Summary.9 |
| | 1. Introduction 13 |
| | 1.1 The expert workshop process.14 |
| | 1.2 The sustainability concept 14 |
| | 2. Sectoral and cross-cutting issues in sustainable development in accession countries17 |
| | 2.1 Agriculture, water and soil .17 |
| | Development of the agricultural sector 17 |
| | Rural development17 |
| | Internalization of external costs18 |
| | Organic farming as an opportunity.18 |
| | Biofuels.19 |
| | Water.19 |
| | 2.2 Energy and industry19 |
| | Energy production.19 |
| | Nuclear safety20 |
| | Industrial pollution control .20 |
| | Disposal of waste 20 |
| | Air quality improvements.21 |
| | Clean Development Mechanism 21 |
| | Technologies for efficiency 21 |
| | 2.3 Transport 21 |
| | Transport sector development 21 |
| | Growth in transport demand.22 |
| | Internalization of external costs22 |
| | 2.4 Institutional capacity.23 |
| | Administrative structure and legal expertise23 |
| | 2.5 Sustainable development policies23 |
| | Challenges to sustainable development .24 |
| | 3. Sectoral snapshots and sustainability challenges25 |
| | Accession requirements - The Copenhagen Criteria.25 |
| | The role of the Acquis Communautaire.25 |
| | 3.1 Snapshot of the agricultural sector.26 |
| | Productivity and trade.27 |
| | Social pressures and rural-urban migration .27 |
| | Environmental dimension.27 |
| | Prospects.27 |
| | Sustainability policy challenges in the agricultural sector 28 |
| | 3.2 Snapshot of the water sector.29 |
| | Water quality29 |
| | Trans-boundary river management 30 |
| | Strategic lines and European environmental policies30 |
| | Sustainability challenges in the water sector .31 |
| | 3.3 Snapshot of the energy sector 32 |
| | Nuclear energy 32 |
| | Replacement of nuclear power.33 |
| | Renewable Energy in ACs .33 |
| | Market development .34 |
| | Sustainability challenges in the energy sector .35 |
| | 3.4 Snapshot of the transport sector .36 |
| | Growth in transport demand.36 |
| | Railways .37 |
| | Car ownership .37 |
| | Long-term solutions38 |
| | Sustainability challenge in the transport sector39 |
| | Annex I - List of contributors.41 |
| | Experts 41 |
| | European Commission42 |
| | IPTS, European Commission - Involved in reporting.42 |
| | I PTS, European Commission - Workshop observers.42 |
| | Annex II - Long list of sectoral and cross-cutting issues identified in the workshop process .43 |
| | Main cross-cutting issues concluded in the Seville workshop44 |
| | II.1 Agriculture, water and soil .44 |
| | Intensification of agricultural production.44 |
| | Agricultural transition and urban development .44 |
| | The shift in the Common Agricultural Policy .45 |
| | Organic farming as an opportunity.45 |
| | Internalization of external costs45 |
| | Water.45 |
| | Globalization .46 |
| | Rural development46 |
| | Biofuels.47 |
| | II.2 Energy and industry.50 |
| | Energy production.50 |
| | Nuclear safety51 |
| | Industrial pollution control and waste management51 |
| | Disposal of waste 52 |
| | Natural resource preservation.52 |
| | Air quality improvements.53 |
| | Clean Development Mechanism 53 |
| | Technologies for efficiency 54 |
| | II.3 Transport54 |
| | Transport sector development 55 |
| | Growth in transport demand.55 |
| | Application of western standards .55 |
| | Planning and time horizons 56 |
| | Supply-side measures .56 |
| | II.4 Institutional56 |
| | Administrative structure and legal expertise56 |
| | Institutional set-up.57 |
| | Involvement58 |
| | Investment costs58 |
| | II.5 Sustainable development policies .59 |
| | Sustainable development policies 59 |
| | Obstacles to sustainable development .60 |
| | II.6 Internalization of external costs.60 |
| | Demand management measures.60 |
| | II.7 Awareness .62 |
| | II.8 Development of the civil society.62 |
| | II.9 The time perspective63 |
| | II.10 Best practice .63 |
| | Annex III - Studies.65 |
| | Annex III.1 Agricultural sector in accession countries: Social, economic and environmental |
| | challenges.67 |
| | I. DESCRIPTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 67 |
| | II. PROSPECTS FOR AGRICULTURAL MARKETS .71 |
| | III. SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES 81 |
| | Annex III.2 GMOs, organic farming and enlargement.85 |
| | Organic Farming .85 |
| | Genetically Modified Organisms .88 |
| | Annex III.3 Water resources in the candidate countries: the European Context .93 |
| | Water availability 93 |
| | Water quality .94 |
| | Physical change.97 |
| | Trans-boundary river management 97 |
| | Strategic lines and European environmental policies98 |
| | Annex III.4 The Danube River Basin – a short review.99 |
| | Joint Action Program for the Danube River Basin (JAP) 100 |
| | References 103 |
| | Annex III.4.1 The Danube River Basin - Joint Action Program. 103 |
| | Annex III.5 Nuclear installations and renewable potential 111 |
| | Nuclear Power in AC. 111 |
| | Reactors types in use in Central and Eastern Europe. 113 |
| | Replacement of nuclear power 114 |
| | Renewable Energy in ACs. 117 |
| | Annex III.6 Developments in the transport sector . 121 |
| | Growth in transport demand 121 |
| | Modal split 123 |
| | Railways . 124 |
| | Car ownership 125 |
| | Long-term solutions. 126 |
| | Sources. 127 |
| | Annex III.7 Transport and Spatial Planning. 129 |
| | Applying Land Use Planning 131 |