MYTH ON ENVIRONMETAL SAFETY OF NUCLEAR POWER

2,69

MB

137

stron

1852

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Center for Russian Environmental Policy

2001

rok

Preface to the ´Nuclear Mythology' serie 7

Introduction 10

Chapter1. Scale of radio-pollution originated by NPPs 13

1.1. Gas-aerozolí discharges 13

1.2. Liquid radio-wasteís scale 18

1.3. Solid radio-wasteís production 20

Chapter 2. Radioactive pollution around of the Nuclear Power Plants 23

2.1. Expension of cesium, srontium and others radionuclides around NPPs 24

2.2. Irradiation levels around NPPs 32

Chapter 3. Nuclear electricity sources on the land and in space 37

3.1. Thermonuclear electricity generators (RTGs) 37

3.2. Nuclear energy sources in Space 41

Chapter 4. How serious is technogenic radioactivity 43

4.1. NPPí contribution into radioactive -pollution 43

4.2. The dangerous ´parts of percentŞ 51

4.2.1.Withdrowing of radiosensitive individuals 51

4.2.2. Low doseís influence 54

4.2.3. Influence of synergismus 55

4.3. The danger of short-living radionuclides 57

4.4. About ´inertŞ radioactive gases 58

4.5. About ´globalŞ radionuclides 59

4.6. About ´eternalŞ radionuclides 65

Chapter 5.The NPPí impact on leaving nature 69

5.1. Danger of the radionuclidesí bioaccumulation 70

5.2. Impact on vegetation 75

5.3. Impact on animal life 77

5.4 Impact on microorganisms 80

5.5. The thermal pollution 80

5.6. Destroying hydrobiontes in the water-cooling systems 83

Chapter 6. The NPPís impact on public health 85

6.1. Data for USA 87

6.2. Date for Germany 92

6.3. Data for other countries 95

6.4. What situation in the CIS? 96

6.5. The thechnogenic radiation risk for public health 102

6.5.1. Official nuclear risks 105

6.5.2. Real nuclear risks 106

6.5.3. Possible scale of nuclear industryís victims 108

Chapter 7. Comparison of environmental performance thermo- and nuclear electricity 111

7.1. Radioactive effects of the coal-power stations 111

7.2. Comparison the coal-powerí and nuclear stations radioactive discharge 113

7.3. Can nuclear power help to fight the climate change? 117

Conclusions 122

Literature 124

Appendix: The main sources of the radionuclides in Biosphere 135