Energy consumption and CO2 emissions from the world

1,19

MB

cement industry.

62

stron

1855

ID

INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES

2004

rok

1. INTRODUCTION 9

2. CEMENT INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 11

2.1. Mining and Preparation of raw material 11

2.1. Clinker burning 11

2.3. Finish grinding 12

2.4. Selected technologies 12

2.5. Emerging technologies 15

2.6. Retrofitting options 15

2.7. Cost description at world level 16

3. MODEL OVERVIEW 19

3.1. Notation 19

3.2. Consumption of cement 22

3.3. Production and international trade 23

3.4. Capacity planning. 25

3.5. Production costs 29

3.6. Energy consumption and emissions 30

3.7. Emissions. 33

3.8. Regional coverage of the cement module 34

4. MODEL SIMULATION RESULTS 35

4.1. Reference simulation 35

4.1.1. Consumption. 35

4.1.2. Production. 36

4.1.3. Cement trade. 37

4.1.4 Technology. 37

4.1.5 CO2 emissions. 39

4.2 Emission trading scenarios 39

4.2.1. Emission trading within the EU15 40

4.2.2. Emission trading within the enlarged EU 46

4.2.3. Emission trading within the Annex B countries 48

5. CONCLUSIONS 51

REFERENCES 53

Databases 54