Physical impacts of land use in product life cycle assessment

0,44

MB

52

stron

1942

ID

Technical University of Denmark

2002

rok

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION. 4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 5

1. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. 6

1.1 LAND USE AND PHYSICAL IMPACTS 6

1.2 WHAT IS NOT INCLUDED HERE (RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER IMPACT CATEGORIES) 7

1.3 IMPACT CHAIN. 8

1.3.1 The starting point: Boundary between inventory analysis and impact assessment 8

1.3.2 The end points: Areas of protection 9

1.3.3 Mid-points of the impact chain . 11

1.4 OCCUPATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF LAND 13

1.5 CHOICE OF REFERENCE STATE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF OCCUPATION IMPACTS. 15

1.6 CHANGES IN THE RATE OF RELAXATION. 18

2. INDICATORS FOR MEASURING NATURE VALUE. 19

2.1 SUBSTANCE AND ENERGY CYCLES 19

2.2 ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY . 21

2.3 BIODIVERSITY . 22

2.3.1 Species richness (SR) 24

2.3.2 Inherent ecosystem scarcity (ES) 25

2.3.3 Ecosystem vulnerability (EV) . 26

2.3.4 Combining the biodiversity factors. 28

2.4 CULTURAL VALUE. 29

2.5 MIGRATION AND DISPERSAL 30

3. DATA AND MAPS. 31

3.1 DATA FOR SUBSTANCE AND ENERGY CYCLES. 31

3.2 DATA FOR ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY. 31

3.3 DATA FOR BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS . 34

4. IMPLICATIONS FOR INVENTORY. 38

4.1 TYPICAL LOCATIONS OF SPECIFIC HUMAN ACTIVITIES 38

4.2 SIZE OF AREA AFFECTED 40

4.3 CURRENT RELAXATION POTENTIALS 40

4.4 CURRENT INDICATOR LEVEL FOR DIFFERENT HUMAN ACTIVITIES. 40

4.5 RELAXATION PERIODS. 41

5. EXAMPLES. 43

REFERENCES 47

ANNEX 1. 51

ANNEX 2. 52