| | Environmental Trends in the Russian Society |
| | 0,77 | | MB |
| | 78 | | stron |
| | 2005 | | ID | Referat Umwelt, Axel Springer Verlag AG |
| | 2001 | | rok |
| | INDEX |
| | 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 |
| | 2. AIM AND STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY.. 10 |
| | 3. RUSSIA - THE FACTS 10 |
| | 3.1. THE COUNTRY.. 10 |
| | 3.1.1. Geography and territorial composition.. 10 |
| | 3.1.2. Population.. 11 |
| | 3.1.3. Economy.. 12 |
| | 3.1.4. Political Structure.. 13 |
| | 3.2. ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE RUSSIAN |
| | FEDERATION 17 |
| | 3.2.1. Basic environmental problems. 17 |
| | 3.2.2. Atmospheric air 17 |
| | 3.2.2.1. Territorial context 18 |
| | 3.2.2.2. Sector context. 19 |
| | 3.2.3. Water resources.. 20 |
| | 3.2.3.1. Territorial context 21 |
| | 3.2.3.2. Sector context. 22 |
| | 3.2.4. Soils and land resources. 22 |
| | 3.2.5. Flora and fauna.. 24 |
| | 3.2.6. Mineral resources use.. 25 |
| | 3.2.7. Integral assessment of ecological problems in the environment and regions.. 26 |
| | 4. PUBLIC OPINION CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.. 27 |
| | 4.1. Public attitude to current condition of the environment 28 |
| | 4.2. Public attitude to government policy.. 28 |
| | 4.3. Environmental problems and economic growth 29 |
| | 4.4.Main threats for coming generations 29 |
| | 4.5. Environmental pollution prevention and readiness of citizens to pay for it. 30 |
| | 4.6. Raise of taxes for environmental protection purposes 30 |
| | 4.7. Government investments in environmental protection have to be made from other sources |
| | then taxes.. 31 |
| | 5. ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANISATIONS.. 32 |
| | 5.1. GOVERNMENT 32 |
| | 5.1.1. Environmental organisations in the structure of government. 32 |
| | 5.1.2. Executive power.. 33 |
| | 5.1.3. Legislative power (State Duma). 39 |
| | 5.1.3.1.Committee for Natural Resources and Natural Resources Management of the State Duma.. |
| | 39 |
| | 5.1.3.2. Committee for Ecology of the State Duma 40 |
| | 5.1.4. Russian Federation and European Union. 40 |
| | 5.2. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOs),. 41 |
| | 5.2.1. Intergovernmental Organisations, Institutions, Foundations, and Agencies 41 |
| | 5.2.1.1. ISC - Institute for Sustainable Communities Russia.. 41 |
| | 5.2.1.2. UNEP-GRID United Nations Environment Programme - Global Resource Information |
| | Database. 42 |
| | 5.2.1.3. Arctic Council 42 |
| | 5.2.1.4. ACOPS - Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea. 43 |
| | 5.2.1.5. Baltic 21. 43 |
| | 5.2.1.6. Organisation of Black Sea Economic Co-operation 43 |
| | 5.2.1.7. BGCI - Botanical Gardens Conservation International. 44 |
| | 5.2.1.8. ISAR - Initiative for Social Action and Renewal in Eurasia 44 |
| | 5.2.1.9. Centre for Russian Environmental Policy 45 |
| | 5.2.1.10. Association ‘Environmental Education’ 45 |
| | 5.2.1.11. ASECO.. 46 |
| | 5.2.1.12. Information Environment Agency 46 |
| | 5.2.1.13. Forest Club of Russian non-governmental organisations. 47 |
| | 5.2.1.14. International Centre for Environmental Safety. 47 |
| | 5.2.1.15. RMEIC - Regional Environment Information Centre 48 |
| | 5.2.1.16. Centre for Ecological Policy of Russia.. 48 |
| | 5.2.1.17. Baltic Nature Foundation of the St. Petersburg Society of Natural Scientists 49 |
| | 5.2.1.18. The Russian Far Eastern Association for the Use of Non-Timber Forest Products.. 49 |
| | 5.2.1.19. Green World 50 |
| | 5.2.1.20. Phoenix Fund.. 50 |
| | 5.2.1.21. Plant Your Tree. 51 |
| | 5.2.1.22. Project Civilisation’. 51 |
| | 5.2.1.23. „Gardarika“.. 51 |
| | 5.2.2. Environmental NGOs in Russia.. 52 |
| | 5.2.2.1. Greenpeace.. 52 |
| | 5.2.2.2. WWF - World Wildlife Fund. 53 |
| | 5.2.2.3. Wetlands International.. 53 |
| | 5.2.2.4. Socio-Ecological Union 54 |
| | 5.2.2.5. ECOLOGIA (ECOlogists Linked for Organising Environmental Trends in the Russian |
| | Society 5 Grassroots Initiatives and Action).. 55 |
| | 5.2.2.6. Biodiversity Conservation Centre 56 |
| | 5.2.2.7. Ecoline 56 |
| | 5.2.2.8. Schit - Interregional public organisation aimed to assist in actions against environmental |
| | crimes.. 57 |
| | 5.2.2.9. Rainbowkeepers 57 |
| | 5.3. BUSINESS SECTOR. 58 |
| | 5.3.1. Chamber of Commerce of Russian Federation 58 |
| | 5.3.2. Association of Ecological Entrepreneurship of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Commerce |
| | (AsEP). 59 |
| | 5.3.3. The European Business Club 59 |
| | 5.3.4. The Union of Industrials and Entrepreneurs 60 |
| | 5.3.5. Association of Managers 60 |
| | 5.3.6. Federal Certification Centre.. 60 |
| | 6. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN EDUCATION, CHURCHES, UNIONS, AND POLITICAL PARTIES |
| | 62 |
| | 6.1. EDUCATION. 62 |
| | 6.1.1. Primary and Secondary Schools. 62 |
| | 6.1.1.1. International level: GLOBE - Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment.. |
| | 62 |
| | 6.1.1.2. National level - Baltic Academy of Education. 63 |
| | 6.1.1.3. Regional level: Federation of Ecological Education of St. Petersburg. 63 |
| | 6.1.2. Higher Education 64 |
| | 6.1.2.1. Moscow University of Engineering Ecology 64 |
| | 6.1.2.2. Moscow State University of Nature.. 64 |
| | 6.1.2.3. International Independent Ecological-Political Institute. 65 |
| | 6.1.2.4. Perm State University.. 65 |
| | 6.1.2.5. Petrozavodsk State University. 65 |
| | 6.1.2.6. Nizhni Novgorod State University. 65 |
| | 6.2. CHURCHES.. 66 |
| | 6.2.1. Russian Orthodox Church.. 66 |
| | 6.2.2. Moslem/Islam 66 |
| | 6.2.3. Roman-Catholic Church. 67 |
| | 6.2.4. Buddhism. 67 |
| | 6.2.5. Jewish 67 |
| | 6.3. UNIONS 68 |
| | 6.3.1. International (CIS) Trade Unions Organisations.. 68 |
| | 6.3.1.1. General Confederation of Trade Unions. 68 |
| | 6.3.1.2. International Trade Union Confederation Area of Employers „Consolidation“ 68 |
| | 6.3.2. National Trade Union Organisations.. 69 |
| | 6.3.2.1. Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia (FNPR) 69 |
| | 6.3.2.2. All Russia Union of trade Unions „Edineniye“.. 69 |
| | 6.3.2.3. Congress of Russian Trade Unions 69 |
| | 6.3.3. Regional Trade Unions Organisations with environmental departments.. 70 |
| | 6.3.3.1. Federation of Trade Unions of St. Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, Department of Ecology |
| | and Work Protection 70 |
| | 6.3.3.2. „Lukomore Plus“- St. Petersburg Free Trade Union of Environmental Protection 70 |
| | 6.4. POLITICAL PARTIES.. 71 |
| | 6.4.1. The Communist Party of Russian Federation.. 71 |
| | 6.4.2. Edinstvo - Unity also called Bear - „Medved“ 71 |
| | 6.4.3. Otechestvo - Vsya Rossia (Fatherland - All Russia). 71 |
| | 6.4.4. Union of Right Forces (SPS). 72 |
| | 6.4.5. Bloc of Zhirinovsky or Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia 72 |
| | 6.4.6. Association „Yabloko“ - „Apple“. 72 |
| | 6.4.7. Constructive Ecological Movement of Russia KEDR.. 72 |
| | 6.4.8. Democratic Green Party. 73 |
| | 6.4.9. Zubr - Defenders of Unique Treasures of Russia.. 73 |
| | 7. ENVIRONMENT AND THE MEDIA 74 |
| | 7.1. Media market.. 74 |
| | 7.2. Environmental media in Russia. 74 |
| | 7.3. Environmental topics in printed media - Press review July - August 2000 76 |
| | 8. SOURCES. 77 |
| | 9. BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCHER.. 77 |
| | 10. PRESS CLIPINGS 78 |