IPCC Special Report: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, A

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report of Working Group III of the IPCC

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

2005

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Preface

This Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (SRCCS) has been prepared under the

auspices of Working Group III (Mitigation of Climate Change) of the Intergovernmental Panel on

Climate Change (IPCC). The report has been developed in response to an invitation of the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at its seventh Conference of

Parties (COP7) in 2001. In April 2002, at its 19th Session in Geneva, the IPCC decided to hold a

workshop, which took place in November 2002 in Regina, Canada. The results of this workshop

were a first assessment of literature on CO2 capture and storage, and a proposal for a Special

Report. At its 20th Session in 2003 in Paris, France, the IPCC endorsed this proposal and agreed on

the outline and timetable1.

Working Group III was charged to assess the scientific, technical, environmental, economic, and

social aspects of capture and storage of CO2. The mandate of the report therefore included the

assessment of the technological maturity, the technical and economic potential to contribute to

mitigation of climate change, and the costs. It also included legal and regulatory issues, public

perception, environmental impacts and safety as well as issues related to inventories and

accounting of greenhouse gas emission reductions.

This report primarily assesses literature published after the Third Assessment Report (2001) on CO2

sources, capture systems, transport and various storage mechanisms. It does not cover biological

carbon sequestration by land use, land use change and forestry, or by fertilization of oceans. The

report builds upon the contribution of Working Group III to the Third Assessment Report Climate

Change 2001 (Mitigation), and on the Special Report on Emission Scenarios of 2000, with respect to

CO2 capture and storage in a portfolio of mitigation options. It identifies those gaps in knowledge

that would need to be addressed in order to facilitate large-scale deployment.

The structure of the report follows the components of a CO2 capture and storage system. An

introductory chapter outlines the general framework for the assessment and provides a brief

overview of CCS systems. Chapter 2 characterizes the major sources of CO2 that are technically

and economically suitable for capture, in order to assess the feasibility of CCS on a global scale.

Technological options for CO2 capture are discussed extensively in Chapter 3, while Chapter 4

focuses on methods of CO2 transport. In the next three chapters, each of the major storage

options is then addressed: geological storage (chapter 5), ocean storage (chapter 6), and mineral

carbonation and industrial uses (chapter 7). The overall costs and economic potential of CCS are

discussed in Chapter 8, followed by an examination of the implications of CCS for greenhouse gas

inventories and emissions accounting (chapter 9).

The report has been written by almost 100 Lead and Coordinating Lead Authors and 25 Contributing

Authors, all of whom have expended a great deal of time and effort. They came from industrialized

countries, developing countries, countries with economies in transition and international

organizations. The report has been reviewed by more than 200 people (both individual experts and

representatives of governments) from around the world. The review process was overseen by 19

Review Editors, who ensured that all comments received the proper attention.