Analysis of Costs to Abate International Ozone-Depleting

0,67

MB

Substance Substitute Emissions

142

stron

2392

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

2004

rok

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements i

Table of Contents. ii

List of Tables . iii

Executive Summary.ES-1

1 Analysis of Costs to Abate International HFC Emissions from Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning

.1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Baseline Emission Estimates .5

1.2.1 Emission Estimating Methodology 5

1.2.2 Baseline Emissions .10

1.3 Costs of HFC Emission Reduction from Refrigeration/AC.11

1.3.1 Description and Cost Analysis of Abatement Options.11

1.3.2 Calculation of Indirect Emissions and Costs for Options Applicable to Stationary

Equipment.34

1.3.3 Summary of Technical Applicability and Market Penetration of Abatement Options36

1.4 Results.41

1.5 Summary .42

1.6 References 43

2 Analysis of Costs to Abate International HFC Emissions from Aerosols .49

2.1 Introduction 49

2.2 Baseline Emission Estimates .50

2.2.1 Emission Estimating Methodology 50

2.2.2 Baseline Emissions .51

2.3 Costs of HFC Emission Reductions for Aerosols .51

2.3.1 Description and Cost Analysis of Abatement Options.52

2.3.2 Summary of Technical Applicability and Market Penetration of Abatement Options56

2.4 Results.57

2.5 Summary .58

2.6 References 59

3 Analysis of Costs to Abate International HFC Emissions from Foams .61

3.1 Introduction 61

3.2 Baseline Emission Estimates .62

3.2.1 Emission Estimating Methodology 62

3.2.2 Baseline Emissions .64

3.3 Costs of HFC Emission Reductions from Foams.64

3.3.1 Description of Abatement Options.64

3.3.2 Description of Abatement Options.67

3.3.3 Summary of Technical Applicability and Market Penetration of Abatement Options85

3.4 Results.90

3.5 Summary .92

3.6 References 93

4 Analysis of Costs to Abate International HFC and PFC Emissions from Fire Extinguishing96

4.1 Introduction 96

4.2 Baseline Emission Estimates .98

4.2.1 Emission Estimating Methodology 98

4.2.2 Baseline Emissions .99

4.3 Costs of HFC and PFC Emission Reductions from Fire Extinguishing 100

4.3.1 Description and Cost Analysis of Abatement Options.101

4.3.2 Summary of Technical Applicability and Market Penetration of Abatement Options110

4.4 Results.112

4.5 Summary .112

4.6 References 113

5 Analysis of Costs to Abate International HFC and PFC Emissions from Solvents 116

5.1 Introduction 116

5.2 Baseline Emission Estimates .117

5.2.1 Emission Estimating Methodology 117

5.2.2 Baseline Emissions .118

5.3 Cost of HFC and PFC Emission Reductions for Solvents119

5.3.1 Description and Cost Analysis of Abatement Options.119

5.3.2 Summary of Technical Applicability and Market Penetration of Abatement Options125

5.4 Results.126

5.5 Summary .127

5.6 References 127

Appendices