Public Health Goal for Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) in

0,39
MB Drinking Water

120
stron

2474
ID California Environmental Protection Agency

1998
rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. ii

PREFACE.iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v

TABLE OF CONTENTS x

SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 1

CHEMICAL PROFILE .. 4

CHEMICAL IDENTITY . 4

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES . 5

ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES 5

PRODUCTION AND USES 10

ENVIRONMENTAL OCCURRENCE AND HUMAN EXPOSURE.. 11

AIR, SOIL, FOOD, AND OTHER SOURCES 12

WATER 13

METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS.. 16

ABSORPTION .. 17

DISTRIBUTION .. 17

METABOLISM. 17

EXCRETION . 18

PHARMACOKINETICS .. 19

PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC (PBPK) MODELS 20

TOXICOLOGY.. 20

TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN ANIMALS 21

Acute Toxicity .. 27

Subacute Toxicity 28

Subchronic Toxicity 28

Genetic Toxicity .. 29

Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity .. 30

Immunotoxicity. 44

Neurotoxicity . 45

Chronic Toxicity.. 45

Carcinogenicity. 46

Ecotoxicity.. 57

TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN HUMANS. 58

Acute Toxicity .. 58

Immunotoxicity. 62

Neurotoxicity . 62

DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT.. 63

INTERNAL DOSE ESTIMATION.. 63

NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS.. 68

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS . 68

Possible Modes of Action . 68

Estimation of Carcinogenic Potency 68

CALCULATION OF PHG . 74

NONCARCINOGENIC EFFECTS.. 74

EXPOSURE FACTORS 75

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS . 79

RISK CHARACTERIZATION. 80

ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS . 80

CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS . 80

OTHER REGULATORY STANDARDS. 83

REFERENCES. 86