SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS AND CONCENTRATION

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FACTORS FOR BIOTA IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

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2498

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International Atomic Energy Agency

2004

rok

CONTENTS

1INTRODUCTION 1

1.1Background to Technical Reports Series No247 1

1.2Changes since the publication of TRS 247 1

1.2.1Regional and international regulatory framework 2

1.2.2Radionuclide sources 3

1.2.3Radiological assessments 4

1.3Improved scientific knowledge 6

1.4Environmental impact 7

1.5Use of recommended Kds and CFs in models 8

2 SEDIMENT-WATER DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS 8

2.1Introduction 8

2.2Open ocean Kds (Table I) 9

2.2.1Derivation of open ocean Kds 9

2.2.2Alternative derivation of Kds: review of published data 15

2.2.3Maximum and minimum values for open ocean Kds 17

2.3Ocean margin Kds (Table II) 17

2.3.1Derivation of ocean margin Kds 17

2.3.2Alternative derivation of ocean margin Kds: review of published data 23

2.3.3Maximum and minimum values for ocean margin Kds 25

2.4Estuaries: a special case 25

3CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL 26

3.1Basic derivation 26

3.2Factors affecting CFs 27

3.3Tabulated values: general remarks 29

3.3.1Comments on carbon and lead 30

3.3.2Surface water fish (Table III) 31

3.3.3Crustaceans (Table IV) 32

3.3.4Molluscs (Table V) 32

3.3.5Macroalgae (Table VI) 33

3.3.6Plankton: zooplankton and phytoplankton (Tables VII and VIII) 33

3.3.7Cephalopods (Table IX) 34

3.3.8Mesopelagic fish 35

3.3.9Mammals (Tables X-XII) 35

APPENDIX: CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR DEEP OCEAN FERROMANGANESE NODULES

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REFERENCES 77

CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW 95

3.3.4Molluscs (Table V) 32

3.3.5Macroalgae (Table VI) 33

3.3.6Plankton: zooplankton and phytoplankton (Tables VII and VIII) 33

3.3.7Cephalopods (Table IX) 34

3.3.8Mesopelagic fish 35

3.3.9Mammals (Tables X-XII) 35

APPENDIX: CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR DEEP OCEAN FERROMANGANESE NODULES

73

REFERENCES 77

CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW 95