| | World review of fisheries and aquaculture |
| | 1,27 | | MB |
| | 158 | | stron |
| | 2521 | | ID | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| | 2000 | | rok |
| | FOREWORD |
| | This is the third issue of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. It follows the pattern set by |
| | the previous issues, published in 1996 and 1998. The purpose continues to be to provide policy- |
| | makers, civil society and those who derive their livelihood from the sector a comprehensive, |
| | objective and global view of capture fisheries and aquaculture, including associated policy issues. |
| | The concerns of consumers and fishers, which are central to the state of world fisheries and |
| | aquaculture, are reflected in a number of topics examined in The State of World Fisheries and |
| | Aquaculture 2000. A discussion of current issues is complemented by summary reports on national |
| | and international activities undertaken to address them. Some issues are well known and figure |
| | prominently in the international debate – the issue of fish quality and safety, for instance, and that |
| | of genetically modified organisms and fisheries. Also discussed are two important issues that are |
| | much less known and understood: the first is fishers’ safety; the second is the culture of fishing |
| | communities. It is not commonly known that fishing at sea is probably the most dangerous |
| | occupation in the world. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2000 reports on this issue in |
| | the hope that a more widespread realization of this aspect of fisheries will lead to effective |
| | measures to improve fishers’ safety. Recent developments in fisheries governance seem to lead |
| | to a larger role for fishers in fisheries management. However, for fishers to become effective |
| | partners in management, a better understanding of their communities’ culture is essential. Highlights |
| | from a recently completed FAO study of this subject are included in this publication on the premise |
| | that reaching a better understanding of such cultures is a key to fisheries management and food |
| | security in most artisanal and small-scale fisheries. |
| | Sustainable exploitation continues to be a desirable goal for all fisheries and aquaculture operations. |
| | This year, we report on some aspects of the progress made by the international fisheries |
| | community towards achieving this goal. Summary information is provided on the state of fisheries |
| | management, and several factors to be considered in efforts to improve management are |
| | discussed, for example: |
| | i) property rights – seen as a means for defining and specifying the entitlements, privileges and |
| | responsibilities created by different types of fisheries management regimes; |
| | ii) the role of indicators of sustainable development and their integration with the precautionary |
| | approach, as the use of such indicators is set to become a practice leading towards an ecosystems |
| | framework for management; |
| | iii) a plausible approach for dealing with illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing; and |
| | iv) ecolabelling, the basic principles of which are described, together with the somewhat |
| | controversial standing of this practice and its potential contribution to fisheries management. |
| | As in the past, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2000 begins by reviewing recent |
| | developments in the status of resources, production from capture fisheries and aquaculture, |
| | utilization and trade. Recent advances in fishing technology are also covered. This information is |
| | complemented by a report – in Part 3 – on the economic viability of selected commercial fishing |
| | fleets. |
| | A general outlook is provided in Part 4, which examines recent trends and their possible impact on |
| | the nature and character of the fishing industry, as well as on the level and distribution of future |
| | fish consumption. |
| | |
| | CONTENTS |
| | Foreword |
| | Acknowledgements |
| | Glossary |
| | Part 1 |
| | WORLD REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE |
| | Fisheries resources: trends in production, utilization and trade |
| | Overview |
| | Capture fisheries production |
| | The status of fisheries resources |
| | The status of the ecosystems |
| | The status of the fishing fleet |
| | Fishing technology development |
| | Fisheries policy and management |
| | Aquaculture |
| | Fish utilization |
| | Fish trade |
| | PART 2 |
| | SELECTED ISSUES FACING FISHERS AND AQUACULTURISTS |
| | Fishers’ safety |
| | The issue |
| | Possible solutions |
| | Recent actions |
| | Global perspective |
| | Fish quality and safety |
| | The issue |
| | Possible solutions |
| | Recent actions |
| | Global perspective |
| | Property rights and fisheries management |
| | The issue |
| | Possible solutions |
| | Recent actions |
| | Global perspective |
| | Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing |
| | The issue |
| | Possible solutions |
| | Recent actions |
| | Global perspective |
| | Indicators of sustainable development and the precautionary approach in marine capture fisheries |
| | The issue |
| | Possible solutions |
| | Recent actions |
| | Global perspective |
| | Monitoring the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems |
| | The issue |
| | Possible solutions |
| | Global perspective |
| | Genetically modified organisms and fisheries |
| | The issue |
| | Possible solutions |
| | Recent actions |
| | Global perspective |
| | Ecolabelling in fisheries management |
| | The issue |
| | How ecolabelling works |
| | Recent actions |
| | Global perspective |
| | PART 3 |
| | HIGHLIGHTS OF SPECIAL FAO STUDIES |
| | Understanding the cultures of fishing communities: a key to fisheries management and food |
| | security |
| | Background |
| | Highlights from case studies |
| | Highlights of main findings |
| | The economic viability of marine capture fisheries |
| | Background |
| | Findings |
| | Outlook: sustainability and economic viability |
| | Trends in world fisheries and their resources: 1974-1999 |
| | Introduction |
| | Relative production levels |
| | Global levels of exploitation |
| | The state of stocks by region |
| | Global trends |
| | Discussion |
| | PART 4 |
| | OUTLOOK |
| | Recent trends and possible consequences for world fisheries and aquaculture |
| | Overview |
| | Fish as food |
| | Fish as a source of income |
| | Medium-term outlook: fish consumption in 2010 |
| | Long-term outlook: some plausible structural changes in production and demand |
| | PART 5 |
| | FISHERIES ACTIVITIES OF COUNTRY GROUPINGS |
| | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| | Caribbean Community and Common Market |
| | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| | Economic Community of West African States |
| | European Community |
| | Latin American Economic System |
| | League of Arab States |
| | North American Free Trade Agreement |
| | South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation |
| | Southern African Development Community |
| | South Pacific Forum |