ENCOURAGING ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE GROWTH IN

0,26

MB

POLAND

41

stron

2524

ID

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

2001

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 4

Facing an unfriendly legacy from the past ..5

Setting up institutions supportive of sustainable development14

The mix of environmental policy instruments.19

How to undertake the environmental clean-up required by the EU?26

Concluding remarks and recommendations..32

BIBLIOGRAPHY.35

Boxes

Box 1. Key government environmental institutions and their main responsibilities16

Box 2. Attempts to integrate environmental objectives into other policies: failures and successes.17

Box 3. Environment Funds in "advanced " OECD countries versus Polish Environment Funds .18

Box 4. Mixing economic instruments and technology standards ..20

Box 5. Are water discharge fees too low?.21

Box 6. Have air emission charges in Poland encouraged emissions reduction? 23

Box 7. Subsidies and the Polluter Pays Principle ..25

Box 8. How to abate pollution from large combustion plants in a cost-effective manner?..28

Box 9. How to assess the economic benefits of environmental policies? .31

Box 10. Recommendations on environmentally sustainable growth33

Table

1. Investment expenditure required for EU accession in environmental protection..27

Figures

1. Energy supply by primary source..6

2. International comparisons..7

3. Environmental investment expenditure..8

4. Trends in growth, energy and emissions9

5. Main pollutants, 1988-98.10

6. Quality of Polish rivers.12

7. Water discharge and treatment.13

8. Passenger cars and NOX emissions.14

9. Wastewater effluent fees and treatment cost.22

10. Incentive effect of fees on power sector SO2 emissions..23

11. Premium unleaded gasoline price24