| | Technical Approaches to Characterizing and Cleaning Up Metal |
| | 0,92 | | MB | Finishing Sites Under the Brownfields Initiative |
| | 63 | | stron |
| | 2547 | | ID | UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY |
| | 1999 | | rok |
| | Contents V |
| | Acknowledgments Vlll |
| | 1. Introduction 1 |
| | Background 1 |
| | Purpose . 1 |
| | 2. Industrial Processes and Contaminants at Metal Finishing Sites 3 |
| | Surface Preparation Operations 3 |
| | Metal Finishing Operations 3 |
| | Anodizing Operations .. |
| | Chemical Conversion Coating . z |
| | Electroplating .. 5 |
| | Electroless and Immersion Plating 5 |
| | Painting .. 5 |
| | Other Metal Finishing Techniques 6 |
| | Auxiliary Activity Areas and Potential Contaminants . 6 |
| | Wastewater Treatment . 6 |
| | Sunken Wastewater Treatment Tank .. 6 |
| | Chemical Storage Area 6 |
| | Disposal Area . 6 |
| | Other Considerations . 6 |
| | 3. Site Assessment .. 7 |
| | The Central Role of the State Agencies .. 7 |
| | State Voluntary Cleanup Programs .. 7 |
| | Levels of Contaminant Screening and Cleanup . 7 |
| | Performing a Phase I Site Assessment: Obtaining Facility Background Information from |
| | Existing Data . 8 |
| | Facility Records . 8 |
| | Other Sources of Recorded Information 8 |
| | Identifying Migration Pathways and Potentially Exposed Populations . 9 |
| | Gathering Topographic Information .. 9 |
| | Gathering Soil and Subsurface Information. 10 |
| | Gathering Groundwater Information 10 |
| | Identifying Potential Environmental and Human Health Concerns .. 10 |
| | Involving the Community . .. 11 |
| | Conducting a Site Visit . 11 |
| | Conducting Interviews .. 11 |
| | Developing a Report .. 12 |
| | Performing a Phase II Site Assessment: Sampling the Site 12 |
| | Setting Data Quality Objectives .. 13 |
| | Screening Levels.. 15 |
| | Environmental Sampling and Data Analysis 16 |
| | Levels of Sampling and Analysis 16 |
| | Increasing the Certainty of Sampling Results . 16 |
| | V |
| | Contents (continued) |
| | Site Assessment Technologies 16 |
| | Field versus Laboratory Analysis 18 |
| | Sample Collection and Analysis Technologies 18 |
| | Additional Considerations for Assessing Metal Finishing Sites .. 20 |
| | Where to Sample . 20 |
| | How Many Samples to Collect.. .. 23 |
| | What Types of Analysis to Perform .. 23 |
| | General Sampling Costs 23 |
| | Soil Collection Costs . 23 |
| | Groundwater Sampling Costs 23 |
| | Surface Water and Sediment Sampling Costs .. 24 |
| | Sample Analysis Costs . 24 |
| | 4. Site Cleanup 25 |
| | Developing a Cleanup Plan . 25 |
| | Institutional Controls . 26 |
| | Containment Technologies . 26 |
| | Types of Cleanup Technologies .. 26 |
| | Cleanup Technology Options for Metal Finishing Sites .. 27 |
| | Post-Construction Care .. 27 |
| | 5. Conclusion .. 35 |
| | Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations . 36 |
| | Appendix B: Glossary of Key Terms .. 37 |
| | Appendix C: Bibliography . 46 |