ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE, URBAN REVITALIZATION, AND

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BROWNFIELDS: THE SEARCH FOR AUTHENTIC SIGNS OF HOPE

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

2002

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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY es-i

INTRODUCTION .. 1

BACKGROUND. 5

KEY ISSUES IN THE BROWNFIELDS DEBATE.. 9

I. Understanding the Nature of the Urban Environment 10

II. The Ecological Importance of Urban Areas. 10

III. Reframing the Urban/Rural Dichotomy.. 11

IV. Confronting the Issue of Race and Class . 12

V. Urban Revitalization and Community-Driven Models of Redevelopment . 12

VI. Community Mapping and Community-Based Environmental Protection.. 13

VII. Executive Order 12898 and Government Reinvention .. 14

VIII. Environmental Justice and the Next Generation of Environmental Protection .. 16

URBAN REVITALIZATION/BROWNFIELDS RECOMMENDATIONS. 18

I. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITY VISION .. 20

1. Informed and Empowered Community Involvement . 20

2. Community Vision/Comprehensive Community-Based Planning. 23

3. Role and Participation of Youth .. 26

II. KEY ISSUE AREAS .. 29

4. Equal Protection 29

5. Public Health, Environmental Standards, and Liability 31

6. Job Creation, Training, and Career Development 37

7. Land Use. 40

III. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS.. 44

8. Community/Private Sector Partnerships 44

9. Local, State, Tribal, and Territorial Governments 47

10. Federal Interagency Cooperation, Programmatic Integration, and

Government Reinvention. 50

CONCLUSION. 54

APPENDICES.. 60

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.. 62

MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ADVISORY COUNCIL 64

MEMBERS OF THE WASTE AND FACILITY SITING SUBCOMMITTEE. 66

LIST OF EPA BROWNFIELDS PILOT SITES.. 67

KEY EPA ACTIONS TO DATE. 69