Characteristics of Sustainable Brownfields Projects

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

1998

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary .i

Table of Contents .xiv

List of Appendices . .xvi

List of Figures .xvii

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Purpose and Scope.1

1.2 General Overview of the Brownfields Initiative2

2.0 Analytical Approach 7

2.1 Method of Analysis 7

2.2 Description of Analyses Performed ..9

2.2.1 Primary Data Sources.10

2.2.2 Secondary Data Sources ..11

2.2.3 Pilot Project Case Studies 11

2.3 Analytical Limitations and Controlling Assumptions 13

3.0 Summary of Data Sources ..17

3.1 Overview of the Sustainable Development Concept 19

3.1.1 Definition of Sustainability.21

3.1.2 Sustainability at the Community Level ..33

3.1.3 Sustainability at the Project Level..47

3.2 Overview of the Brownfields Redevelopment Process51

3.2.1 Secondary Data Sources - Literature and Database Review..51

3.2.2 Primary Data Sources - Structured Interviews with

EPA and other Federal Agencies ..66

3.2.3 Primary Data Sources - Structured Interviews with On-Site Municipal Officials and Project

Stakeholders .70

3.2.4 Brownfields Pilot Project Case Analysis84

4.0 Analytical Results..101

4.1 Parameters, Elements and Characteristics of Sustainable Brownfields Redevelopment 101

4.1.1 Community Profile ..102

4.1.2 Comprehensive Community Plan .108

4.1.3 Organizational Focus and Structure of the Brownfields Program.120

4.1.4 Brownfields Site Identification, Characterization, and Prioritization ..127

4.1.5 Risk Management and Site Restoration.139

4.1.6 Legal/Regulatory Issues154

4.1.7 Site Marketing and Redevelopment Approach 161

4.1.8 Technology Applications.174

4.1.9 Project Funding/Finance.183

4.1.10 Environmental Justice.192

4.2 Verification of Identified PECs.196

5.0 Conclusion .. .207

References I

APPENDICES

Appendix A List of Acronyms

Appendix B Glossary of Terms

Appendix C Summary of Brownfields Pilot Projects Analyzed

Appendix D Summary of Program Information Sources

Appendix E Summary of EPA and Federal Agency Interviews

Appendix F Summary of On-Site Interviews

Appendix G Local Contacts for Brownfields Projects Cited in this Report