| | DRAFT INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ENVIRONMENT AND |
| | 0,81 | | MB | DEVELOPMENT |
| | 221 | | stron |
| | 2652 | | ID | World Conservation Union |
| | 2002 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | Foreword to the second edition xi |
| | Foreword xiii |
| | Contributors . xxi |
| | Table of Abbreviations .. xxv |
| | Subject Index xxvii |
| | PREAMBLE ..1 |
| | Commentary 27 |
| | Part I. OBJECTIVE .. 2 |
| | ARTICLE 1: OBJECTIVE . 2 |
| | Commentary 32 |
| | II. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES ..2 |
| | Commentary 32 |
| | ARTICLE 2: RESPECT FOR ALL LIFE FORMS .. 2 |
| | Commentary 32 |
| | ARTICLE 3: COMMON CONCERN OF HUMANITY 2 |
| | Commentary 33 |
| | ARTICLE 4: INTERDEPENDENT VALUES 2 |
| | Commentary 35 |
| | ARTICLE 5: INTER-GENERATIONAL EQUITY . 2 |
| | Commentary 37 |
| | ARTICLE 6: PREVENTION .3 |
| | Commentary 38 |
| | ARTICLE 7: PRECAUTION .3 |
| | Commentary 40 |
| | ARTICLE 8: RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT ..3 |
| | Commentary 42 |
| | ARTICLE 9: ERADICATION OF POVERTY ..3 |
| | Commentary 43 |
| | ARTICLE 10: CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND DEMOGRAPHIC POLICIES .. 3 |
| | Commentary 25 |
| | III. GENERAL OBLIGATIONS 3 |
| | Commentary 45 |
| | ARTICLE 11: STATES 3 |
| | Commentary 46 |
| | vi |
| | ARTICLE 12: PERSONS 4 |
| | Commentary 51 |
| | ARTICLE 13: INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT .. 5 |
| | Commentary 56 |
| | ARTICLE 14: TRANSFER OR TRANSFORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HARM .. 5 |
| | Commentary 57 |
| | ARTICLE 15: EMERGENCIES ..5 |
| | Commentary 60 |
| | IV. OBLIGATIONS RELATING TO NATURAL SYSTEMS AND RESOURCES ..6 |
| | Commentary 62 |
| | ARTICLE 16: STRATOSPHERIC OZONE .6 |
| | Commentary 62 |
| | ARTICLE 17: GLOBAL CLIMATE 6 |
| | Commentary 64 |
| | ARTICLE 18: SOIL 6 |
| | Commentary 65 |
| | ARTICLE 19: WATER . 6 |
| | Commentary 67 |
| | ARTICLE 20: NATURAL SYSTEMS 6 |
| | Commentary 69 |
| | ARTICLE 21: BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY .. 7 |
| | Commentary 72 |
| | ARTICLE 22: CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE . 8 |
| | Commentary 76 |
| | V. OBLIGATIONS RELATING TO PROCESSES AND ACTIVITIES 8 |
| | Commentary 77 |
| | ARTICLE 23: PREVENTION OF HARM . 8 |
| | Commentary 78 |
| | ARTICLE 24: POLLUTION . 8 |
| | Commentary 79 |
| | ARTICLE 25: WASTE . 8 |
| | Commentary 81 |
| | ARTICLE 26: INTRODUCTION OF ALIEN OR MODIFIED ORGANISMS .. 9 |
| | Commentary 83 |
| | VI. OBLIGATIONS RELATING TO GLOBAL ISSUES 9 |
| | Commentary 85 |
| | ARTICLE 27: ERADICATION OF POVERTY ..9 |
| | Commentary 85 |
| | ARTICLE 28: CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTIONS PATTERNS 10 |
| | Commentary 86 |
| | ARTICLE 29: DEMOGRAPHIC POLICIES 10 |
| | Commentary 88 |
| | ARTICLE 30: TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT 11 |
| | Commentary 89 |
| | ARTICLE 31: ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN ORIGIN 11 |
| | Commentary 94 |
| | ARTICLE 32: MILITARY AND HOSTILE ACTIVITIES 12 |
| | Commentary 96 |
| | VII. TRANSBOUNDARY ISSUES .. 13 |
| | Commentary .101 |
| | ARTICLE 33: TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 13 |
| | Commentary .101 |
| | ARTICLE 33 BIS: PRIOR INFORMED CONSENT . 13 |
| | Commentary .105 |
| | ARTICLE 34: TRANSBOUNDARY NATURAL RESOURCES .13 |
| | Commentary .106 |
| | VIII. IMPLEMENTATION AND COOPERATION 14 |
| | Commentary .110 |
| | ARTICLE 35: NATIONAL ACTION PLANS 14 |
| | Commentary .110 |
| | ARTICLE 36: PHYSICAL PLANNING 14 |
| | Commentary .111 |
| | ARTICLE 37: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 14 |
| | Commentary .113 |
| | ARTICLE 38: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND CONTROLS 15 |
| | Commentary .118 |
| | ARTICLE 39: MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY .. 15 |
| | Commentary .119 |
| | ARTICLE 40: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION . 16 |
| | Commentary .120 |
| | ARTICLE 41: DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY. 16 |
| | Commentary .122 |
| | ARTICLE 42: SHARING BENEFITS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 16 |
| | Commentary .123 |
| | ARTICLE 43: INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE . 16 |
| | Commentary .124 |
| | ARTICLE 44: EDUCATION, TRAINING AND PUBLIC AWARENESS .. 17 |
| | Commentary .126 |
| | ARTICLE 45: NATIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES . 17 |
| | Commentary .129 |
| | ARTICLE 46: INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES . 17 |
| | Commentary .130 |
| | IX. RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY..18 |
| | Commentary .133 |
| | ARTICLE 47: STATE RESPONSIBILITY 18 |
| | Commentary .135 |
| | ARTICLE 48: STATE LIABILITY 18 |
| | Commentary .136 |
| | ARTICLE 49: CESSATION, RESTITUTION AND COMPENSATION 18 |
| | Commentary .138 |
| | ARTICLE 50: CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO PREVENT HARM . 19 |
| | Commentary .140 |
| | ARTICLE 51: EXEMPTIONS .. 19 |
| | Commentary .140 |
| | ARTICLE 52: CIVIL REMEDIES . 19 |
| | Commentary .141 |
| | ARTICLE 52 BIS: OFFENSES. 19 |
| | Commentary .143 |
| | ARTICLE 53: RECOURSE UNDER DOMESTIC LAW AND NON-DISCRIMINATION . 20 |
| | Commentary .146 |
| | ARTICLE 54: IMMUNITY FROM JURISDICTION 20 |
| | Commentary .147 |
| | ARTICLE 55: ENVIRONMENTAL HARM IN AREAS BEYOND NATIONAL |
| | JURISDICTION 20 |
| | Commentary .148 |
| | X. APPLICATION AND COMPLIANCE ..20 |
| | Commentary .148 |
| | ARTICLE 56: OTHER TREATIES 20 |
| | Commentary .149 |
| | ARTICLE 57: MORE STRINGENT MEASURES . 20 |