BAT/BEP for municipal solid waste incineration to include the

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MB

incineration of hazardous waste and sewage sludge.

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stron

2690

ID

JRC-IPTS Instituto de Prospectiva Tecnológica (IPTS)

2004

rok

Section V. A. 1. Incineration of municipal and hazardous waste, and sewage sludge DRAFT 19/04/04

Table of Contents

1.0 Background

2.0 Formation and Release of Unintentional POPs

3.0 Incinerator Design and Operation

3.1 General Incinerator Design

3.2 Design and Operation of MSW Incinerators

3.2.1 Delivery, Storage, and Pre-Treatment of MSW

3.2.2 MSW Incinerator Designs

3.3 Design and Operation of Hazardous Waste Incinerators

3.3.1 Merchant Hazardous Waste Incinerators

3.3.1.1 Delivery, Storage, and Pre-Treatment of Hazardous Waste

3.3.1.2 Merchant Hazardous Waste Incinerator Design

3.3.2 Dedicated Hazardous Waste Incinerators

3.4 Design and Operation of Sewage Sludge Incinerators

3.4.1 Pre-Treatment of Sewage Sludge

3.4.2 Sewage Sludge Incinerator Designs

3.4.2.1 Multiple Hearth Furnace

3.4.2.2 Multiple Hearth/Fluidized Bed Furnace

3.4.2.3 Cycloid Furnace

3.4.3 Co-incineration of Sewage Sludge with MSW

4.0 Flue Gas Treatment (Air Pollution Control Devices)

4.1 Cyclones and multi-cyclones

4.2 Electrostatic Precipitators

4.3 Fabric Filters

4.4 Static Bed Filters

4.5 Sorbent/Scrubber Systems

4.5.1 Dry sorbent

4.5.2 Spray Dry

4.5.3 Wet Scrubbers

4.6 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

4.7 Rapid Quenching Systems

4.8 Carbon Adsorption

5.0 Best Environmental Practices for Incineration

5.1 Waste Management Practices

5.1.1 Waste Inspection and Characterization

5.1.2 Waste Minimization

5.1.3 Source Separation and Recycling

5.1.4 Removal of Non-Combustibles at Incinerator

5.1.5 Proper Handling, Storage, and Pre-Treatment

5.1.6 Minimizing Storage Times

5.1.7 Establishing Quality Requirements

5.1.8 Waste Loading

5.2 Incinerator Operating and Management Practices

5.2.1 Ensuring Good Combustion

5.2.2 Cold Starts, Upsets, and Shut Downs

5.2.3 Regular Facility Inspections and Maintenance

5.2.4 Monitoring

5.2.5 Operator Training

6.0 Best Available Techniques for Incineration

6.1 Combustion Techniques

6.1.1 General Combustion Techniques

6.1.2 MSW Incineration Techniques

6.1.3 Hazardous Waste Incineration Techniques

6.1.4 Sewage Sludge Incineration Techniques

6.2 Flue Gas Treatment Techniques

6.2.1 Dust Removal Techniques

6.2.2 Flue Gas Polishing Techniques

6.2.3 Acid Gas Removal Techniques

6.2.4 Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Reduction Techniques

6.3 Residue Management Techniques

6.3.1 Bottom Ash Techniques

6.3.2 Fly Ash and Other Flue Gas Treatment Residue Techniques

6.3.3 Effluent Treatment Techniques

7.0 New and Significantly Modified Incinerators

7.1 Additional Factors in the Siting of New MSW Incinerators

7.2 Additional Factors in the Siting of New Hazardous Waste Incinerators

7.3 Additional Factors in the Siting of New Sewage Sludge Incinerators

7.4 Modification of Existing Waste Incinerators

8.0 Costs and Economic Considerations

8.1 General Considerations

8.2 MSW Incineration

8.3 Hazardous Waste Incineration

8.4 Sewage Sludge Incineration

9.0 Alternative and Emerging Technologies

9.1 Pyrolysis and Gasification

9.2 Thermal Depolymerization

9.3 Plasma Technologies

9.4 High Temperature Melting

Appendix A – Comparison of the Main Combustion and Thermal Treatment Technologies