| | Review of the management of municipal organic waste in Aarhus |
| | 1,54 | | MB |
| | 107 | | stron |
| | 2696 | | ID | University of Aarhus |
| | 2004 | | rok |
| | CONTENT |
| | 1 Introduction .1 |
| | 2 Definition of waste 3 |
| | 2.1 EU and OECD definitions of waste.3 |
| | 2.2 Interpretation of the waste definition.4 |
| | 2.3 Definitions of waste types used in the report.4 |
| | 3 EU waste legislation6 |
| | 3.1 Introduction6 |
| | 3.2 Waste hierarchy7 |
| | 3.3 Four key principles followed by EU waste policy: .11 |
| | 3.4 Other ideas promoted by the EU12 |
| | 3.5 Overview over chosen waste directives.13 |
| | 3.5.1 Directive on the Biological Treatment of Biological Waste.13 |
| | 3.5.2 The Landfill Directive.14 |
| | 3.5.3 Summary .15 |
| | 4 Waste management system and future planning in Denmark.17 |
| | 4.1 The waste management system in Denmark17 |
| | 4.2 Waste 21.18 |
| | 4.3 Household waste 20 |
| | 4.3.1 Domestic waste .21 |
| | 4.3.2 Bulky waste.22 |
| | 4.3.3 Garden waste.22 |
| | 4.4 Different flows of organic municipal waste 23 |
| | 4.4.1 Organic domestic waste 23 |
| | 4.4.2 Organic waste from industry and catering centres24 |
| | 4.5 Summary 24 |
| | 5 Waste in Aarhus 25 |
| | 5.1 Amount and composition of waste produced 25 |
| | 5.2 Waste treatment methods.26 |
| | 6 Technical aspects of managing organic waste 28 |
| | 6.1 Introduction28 |
| | 6.2 Incineration 29 |
| | 6.2.1 Concept .29 |
| | 6.2.2 Energetic values 31 |
| | 6.2.3 Environment and health issues32 |
| | 6.2.4 Costs36 |
| | 6.3 Composting 38 |
| | 6.3.1 Concept .38 |
| | 6.3.2 Energetic values 39 |
| | 6.3.3 Environment and health issues39 |
| | 6.3.4 Costs42 |
| | 6.4 Anaerobic Digestion (AD).43 |
| | 6.4.1 Concept .43 |
| | 6.4.2 Energetic values 49 |
| | 6.4.3 Environment and health issues50 |
| | 6.4.4 Costs52 |
| | 6.5 Evaluation of different treatment options for BMW .53 |
| | 7 The Aarhus municipal waste management system .56 |
| | 7.1 Description of the Aarhus system56 |
| | 7.2 The sorting system .58 |
| | 7.3 The incineration plant 60 |
| | 7.3.1 General description .60 |
| | 7.3.2 Environmental aspects of incineration62 |
| | 7.4 The biogasification plant64 |
| | 7.4.1 General description .64 |
| | 7.4.2 The process65 |
| | 7.4.3 Environmental Aspects of Biogasification .66 |
| | 7.5 Home composting 67 |
| | 7.6 System problems and optimisations 68 |
| | 7.6.1 Sensitivity of the sorting system and aspects concerning the bags 68 |
| | 7.6.2 Problems in the households.69 |
| | 8 Evaluation of the Aarhus waste management system .71 |
| | 8.1 Introduction71 |
| | 8.2 Status report from Aarhus Utilities71 |
| | 8.3 A decision regarding waste in the municipality of Aarhus74 |
| | 8.4 Critics of the evaluation .75 |
| | 9 The Solum-Noveren system77 |
| | 9.1 Introduction77 |
| | 9.2 The Solum and Noveren way of treating organic waste78 |
| | 9.3 Solum's low technology process 79 |
| | 9.4 Cost of the Solum system 81 |
| | 9.5 Summary and overview of Solum contra Aarhus82 |
| | 10 Perspectives .84 |
| | 10.1 Introduction 84 |
| | 10.2 Critical points against stopping the sorting 84 |
| | 10.3 Implications of the DTU report 85 |
| | 10.4 Other potential positive effects from sorting86 |
| | 10.5 The fundamental question for a solution88 |
| | 10.6 Suggestion 89 |
| | 11 Conclusion.91 |