Costs and environmental effectiveness of options for reducing

1,35
MB mercury emissions to air from smallscale combustion

122
stron installations

2697
ID AEA Technology Environment

2006
rok

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 POLICY CONTEXT 3

3 STUDY OBJECTIVES 5

4 DEVELOPING ESTIMATES OF MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM SCI

SOURCES 7

4.1 Scope of the inventory 7

4.2 Approach to inventory compilation 7

4.3 Emission factors review 14

4.4 Inventory estimates 21

4.5 Emission estimate Uncertainty 30

4.6 Key inventory findings and recommendations 32

5 ABATEMENT OPTIONS 35

5.1 Developing cost-effectiveness analysis 35

5.2 Preventative measures 37

5.3 Technical abatement options 43

5.4 Summary of abatement options 51

5.5 Recommendations 52

6 POLICY MEASURES FOR MERCURY EMISSION REDUCTION 53

6.1 Current measures for targeting mercury emission reduction 53

6.2 Additional measures for further reducing mercury emissions 59

7 COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF MERCURY REDUCTION

SCENARIOS 61

7.1 Baseline scenario 62

7.2 Scenario 1: measures already proposed for future air quality policy 62

7.3 Scenario 2: Mercury specific instruments 66

8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 71

8.1 Study conclusions 71

8.2 Recommendations 73

APPENDICES 80

Appendix 1 Detailed information on mercury content of fuels, and emission factors 80

Appendix 2 Stakeholder questionaire and summary of responses 104