Waste Management Policies in Central and Eastern European

1,04
MB Countries: Current Policies and Trends

109
stron

2708
ID Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe

2002
rok

Executive Summary 5

Acknowledgements 11

List of Abbreviations 13

1. Consultant Profile 15

2. Project Objectives 17

3. Introduction 19

4. Project Methodology 23

4.1 Project Team 23

4.2 Communication of Project Team 25

4.3 Methodology of Data Collection 25

4.4 Data Analysis 27

4.5 Methodology of Synthesis 27

4.6 Case Studies 28

5. Data Availability and Quality 29

5.1 Data Completeness and Comparability 29

5.2 Data Availability 31

5.3 Conclusions 33

6. Current State of Waste Production 37

6.1 Total Generated Waste 37

6.2 Waste Composition 38

6.3 Solid Municipal Waste 41

6.4 Hazardous Waste 43

6.5 Selected Types of Waste 45

6.6 Conclusions 45

7. Waste Management 47

7.1 Landfilling 47

7.2 Incineration 49

7.3 Waste Incineration in the Czech Republic 51

7.4 Separated Collection and Recycling 52

7.5 Plastic Waste 54

7.6 End-of-life Vehicles 54

7.7 Waste Oils 55

7.8 Lead Batteries 55

7.9 Packaging and Packaging Waste 56

7.10 New Problems 56

7.11 Conclusions 57

8. Strategic Planning for the Waste Sector 61

8.1 Bulgaria 61

8.2 Czech Republic 62

8.3 Estonia 63

8.4 Hungary 64

8.5 Latvia 65

8.6 Lithuania 65

8.7 Poland 66

8.8 Romania 66

8.9 Slovakia 67

8.10 Slovenia 68

8.11 Conclusions 68

9. Control Instruments for Waste Management 73

9.1 Legislative Instruments 73

9.2 Definition of Economic Instruments 73

9.3 Economic Instruments in Waste Management Policies of CEECs 75

9.4 User Charges on Municipal Waste 77

9.5 Disposal Charges/Taxes 78

9.6 Product Charges 79

9.7 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) 81

9.8 Other Instruments 81

9.9 Conclusions 82

10. Financing Waste Management 85

ANNEX I: Waste Oils in the Czech Republic 89

ANNEX II: Executive Summaries of Case Studies 91

Voluntary Agreement on Packaging Take-back and Recovery: EKO-KOM System 91

Management of End-of-life Vehicles in Poland 97

Management System for Waste Batteries and Accumulators in Slovenia 101

ANNEX III: Gross Domestic Product and Solid Municipal Waste 109

Input Data 109

Linear Relationship Between GDP and SMW 110

Endnotes 113