THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY

0,55

MB

156

stron

273

ID

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

1998

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

FOREWORD .. 5

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .. 7

CHAPTER 1: THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY .. 9

1.1 History of the Industry . 10

1.2 Defining the Environmental Industry .. 13

1.3 Industry Performance: $181 Billion in Revenues, but Flat Growth and Declining Returns .. 22

1.4 The Global Environmental Market .. 28

1.5 Industry Trade Performance: Export Revenue and Percentage of Revenues From Exports .. 32

1.6 International Competitiveness of the Industry .. 35

1.7 Top 50 Environmental Companies in the World 43

CHAPTER 2: FORCES SHAPING THE INDUSTRY 47

2.1 Evolving Conditions in U.S. and International Markets . 48

2.2 Evolution of Customer/User Approaches to Environmental Management 52

2.3 Government Regulations and Policies That Affect Development and Deployment of

Environmental Solutions . 69

2.4 Emergence of a Worldwide Market . 86

2.5 Finance: The Role of the Capital Markets in the Environmental Marketplace .. 89

2.6 Current Government/Industry Cooperative Initiatives for a Strong and Technologically

Competitive Environmental Industry 97

CHAPTER 3: CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE: COMPETING IN DYNAMIC DOMESTIC AND

WORLD MARKETS .. 107

3.1 Reinvention of the Environmental Industry .. 110

3.2 Revamping Government Policies and Initiatives to Enhance the Competitiveness of the

Environmental Industry 119

3.3 Strategies for Government/Industry Cooperation to Increase Environmental-Related Exports ..

140

3.4 Financing for a Competitive Environmental Industry 148

APPENDIX A .. 152

Private-Sector Organizational Responses to Environmental Requirements .. 152