The share of renewable energy in the EU: Commission Report

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in accordance with Article 3 of Directive 2001/77/EC, evaluation of

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the effect of legislative instruments and other Community

policies on the development of the contribution of renewable

energy sources in the EU and proposals for concrete actions

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ID

Directorate-General for the Environment, European Commission

2004

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary . 4

1. Introduction 7

1.1. The global challenges. 7

1.2. Europe's role 8

1.3. Scope of this Communication 10

1.4. New Member States . 11

2. Commission report on national progress towards electricity produced from renewable energy

sources (RES-E) targets 12

2.1. Information sources used . 12

2.2. The overall picture . 12

2.3. Assessment of progress at the national level 13

2.4. Practical requirements laid down in Directive 2001/77/EC. 14

2.5. Guarantees of origin.16

2.6. Clarification of the role of the guarantee of origin in the calculation of progress towards national

targets 17

2.7. Infringement procedures 18

2.8. Development of electricity from wind, biomass and solar 18

2.8.1. Wind energy . 19

2.8.2. Electricity from biomass 20

2.8.3. Electricity from solar photovoltaics . 21

2.9. Conclusions on the development of electricity from renewable energy sources . 21

3. Efforts and results for 2010. 22

3.1. The legislative framework developed since 2000 22

3.2. Member State Actions 24

3.3. Community support instruments 24

3.3.1. Community support programmes. 24

3.3.2. Dissemination - Public Awareness Campaigns. 26

3.4. Achieving the 12% target - the impact of Community legislation 26

3.4.1. Energy efficiency legislation 26

3.4.2. Legislation on electricity from renewable energy source 28

3.4.3. Biofuels .. 28

3.5. Renewable energy for heat production 30

3.5.1. The trend in geothermal . 30

3.5.2. Solar thermal heat. . 31

3.5.3. Biogas. 31

3.5.4. Woody Biomass . 32

3.5.5. Summary 33

3.6. Conclusion: Scenario for the renewable energy share in 2010 33

4. Concrete Actions 34

4.1. New initiatives to reinforce the financing of renewable energy - action by Member States 34

4.2. New initiatives to reinforce the renewable energy and energy efficiency - action at European

level 35

4.3. Other measures. 36

4.3.1. A Community plan for biomass . 36

4.3.2. Developing renewable energy in heating. 37

4.3.3. Offshore wind policy 37

4.3.4. Electricity from solar irradiation 38

4.3.5. Research and technological development 38

4.3.6. Using major Community financing instruments 39

4.3.7. Placing biofuels on the market. 39

4.3.8. Timely data. 39

5. International political context and EU perspectives beyond 2010. 39

5.1. The Lisbon process and the environmental dimension 39

5.2. The Johannesburg conference and its follow-up 40

5.3. The role of targets at EU level . 42

6. Conclusions. 43