Reference Guide to Non-combustion Technologies for

2,58

MB

Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Stockpiles and

70

stron

Soil

3396

ID

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

2006

rok

CONTENTS

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS. iii

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.. vi

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii

1.0 INTRODUCTION1

1.1 Purpose of Report.2

1.2 Methodology ..2

1.3 Report Organization 3

2.0 BACKGROUND..4

2.1 Stockholm Convention..4

2.2 Sources of POPs4

2.3 Characteristics of POPs.4

2.4 Health Effects of POPs..5

2.5 Related Documents .5

3.0 NON-COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES ..7

3.1 Full-Scale Technologies for Treatment of POPs..7

3.1.1 Anaerobic Bioremediation Using Blood Meal for Treatment of Toxaphene in Soil and Sediment

..11

3.1.2 DARAMEND®..12

3.1.3 Gas-Phase Chemical Reduction 14

3.1.4 GeoMelt™.15

3.1.5 In Situ Thermal Desorption.16

3.1.6 Mechanochemical Dehalogenation .18

3.1.7 Xenorem™ 21

3.2 Pilot-Scale Technologies for Treatment of POPs..22

3.2.1 Base-Catalyzed Decomposition 22

3.2.2 CerOx™..23

3.2.3 Phytotechnology24

3.2.4 Solvated Electron Technology ..26

3.2.5 Sonic Technology.26

3.3 Bench-Scale Technologies for Treatment of POPs..27

3.3.1 Self-Propagating High Temperature Dehalogenation..27

3.3.2 TDR-3R™ .27

3.3.3 Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation (AEA Silver II™) ..28

3.4 Full-Scale Technologies with Potential to Treat POPs ..28

3.4.1 Plasma Arc ..28

3.4.1.1 PLASCON™..28

3.4.1.2 Plasma Arc Centrifugal Treatment.29

3.4.1.3 Plasma Converter System29

3.4.2 Supercritical Water Oxidation30

4.0 INFORMATION SOURCES32

5.0 VENDOR CONTACTS ..33

6.0 REFERENCES35