THE ILLEGAL SHIPMENT OF WASTE AMONG IMPEL MEMBER

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Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London

2006

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CONTENTS

List of tables . ix

List of figures ix

Executive Summary . 1

Background 1

Results 2

Key Findings 3

Methodology 6

Recommendations 7

Chapter 1. Report Objectives . 13

1.1 Background 13

1.2 The Potential Threat 16

1.3 Discussion 16

Chapter 2. Methodology – the Questionnaire 21

2.1 Introduction .. 21

2.2 Questionnaire Response . 21

2.3 Legal Imports/Exports . 22

2.4 Illegal Imports/Exports 27

2.5 Offenders .. 38

2.6 Enforcement.. 41

2.7 Communications. 44

Chapter 3. National Threat Assessments. 47

3.1 The Experienced Member States 47

3.2 The New Member States 53

3.3 Models for Threat Assessment 55

Chapter 4. Further Investigations 57

4.1 Participant country experiences 57

4.2 Other related IMPEL TFS investigations 65

Chapter 5. Final Conclusions and Recommendations 67

5.1 Conclusions .. 67

5.2 Recommendations . 68

References . 71

Databases and Useful Resources 72

Glossary .. 73

Appendix A Recent news headlines relating to illegal transfrontier shipment. 74

Appendix B IMPEL TFS Questionnaire. 77

Appendix C Picking the Low Hanging Fruits First .. 85

Appendix D Extract from Preliminary study on criminal activities on the waste disposal market in

Germany. 90