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MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR THE HANDLING, CLASSIFICATION

4,57

AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

253

stron

3598

American Association of Poison Control Centers

2005

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TABLE OF CONTENTS THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SERIES II

PREFACE III

SYNOPSIS V

LIST OF APPENDICES X

LIST OF DIAGRAMS, FIGURES & TABLES XI

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XII

HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT XIV

Section 1: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 1 - 0

1.1 Background 1 - 1

1.2 Minimum Requirements 1 - 1

1.3 Minimum Requirements for the Handling, Classification and Disposal

of Hazardous Waste 1 - 2

1.4 Approaches used in the formulation of the Minimum Requirements 1 - 2

1.5 Governing principles 1 - 4

1.6 The enforcement of Minimum Requirements 1 - 4

1.7 International acceptability 1 - 5

Section 2: OVERVIEW 2 - 0

2.1 Introduction 2 - 1

2.2 Definition of waste 2 - 1

2.3 Waste classes 2 - 3

2.3.1 General Waste 2 - 3

2.3.2 Hazardous Waste 2 - 3

2.4 Definition of Hazardous Waste 2 - 4

2.5 The Hazardous Waste Generator 2 - 4

2.6 Classification of Hazardous Waste 2 - 5

2.6.1 Identification of a probably Hazardous Waste 2 - 5

2.6.2 Analysis to confirm that a waste is a Hazardous Waste 2 - 5

2.6.3 SABS Code 0228 2 - 5

2.6.4 Hazardous Waste treatment 2 - 6

2.6.5 Hazard Rating 2 - 6

2.6.6 Delisting 2 - 6

2.7 Disposal of a Hazardous Waste 2 - 6

2.8 Hazardous Waste handling and transportation 2 - 7

Section 3: WASTE MINIMISATION 3 - 0

3.1 Introduction 3 - 1

3.2 Hazardous waste prevention 3 - 1

3.3 Hazardous Waste minimisation 3 - 2

3.3.1 Avoidance 3 - 2

3.3.2 Recycling 3 - 2

3.3.3 Treatment 3 - 3

3.4 Waste minimisation audit 3 - 3

VIII

Section 4: IDENTIFICATION OF A PROBABLE HAZARDOUS WASTE 4 - 0

4.1 Introduction 4 - 2

4.2 Properties and sources of Hazardous Waste 4 - 2

4.3 Industrial groups, processes and waste streams 4 - 3

4.4 Registration of Hazardous Waste generators 4 - 3

Section 5: TESTS AND ANALYSES{ XE "ANALYSES" } 5 - 0

5.1 Introduction 5 - 2

5.2 Quality assurance and quality control 5 - 2

5.2.1 Laboratory accreditation 5 - 2

5.2.2 Good analytical practice 5 - 3

5.2.3 Minimum Requirements 5 - 4

5.3 Samples 5 - 3

5.3.1 Sampling 5 - 4

5.3.2 Sample preservation 5 - 4

5.4 Tests 5 - 5

5.4.1 Tests of hazardous properties 5 - 5

5.4.2 Tests of hazardous substances 5 - 5

5.5 Analysis 5 - 8

5.6 Literature search 5 - 8

Section 6: WASTE CLASSIFICATION 6 - 0

6.1 Introduction 6 - 3

6.2 SABS Code 0228 6 - 3

6.3 Confirming that a waste is Hazardous 6 - 4

6.4 SABS Code 0228 hazard classes 6 - 4

6.5 Determining the Minimum Requirements 6 - 4

6.6 Minimum Requirements 6 - 4

Section 7: HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT 7 - 0

7.1 Introduction 7 - 1

7.2 Treatment technologies 7 - 1

7.3 Physical treatment 7 - 1

7.4 Chemical treatment 7 - 2

7.5 Biological treatment 7 - 2

7.5.1 Aerobic treatment 7 - 2

7.5.2 Anaerobic treatment 7 - 2

7.6 Immobilisation, solidification and encapsulation 7 - 3

7.7 Landfill-ash blend, neutralisation, precipitation 7 - 3

7.8 Incineration 7 - 3

7.9 Site rehabilitation and clean-up technologies 7 - 3

7.10 Effluent and residue quality standards 7 - 4

Section 8 HAZARD RATING 8 - 0

8.1 Introduction 8 - 2

8.2 Hazard Ratings 8 - 2

8.3 Determining the Hazard Rating 8 - 3

8.4 The Estimated Environmental Concentration (EEC) 8 - 4

8.4.1 Using the EEC to determine the Hazard Rating or

to delist a Hazardous Waste 8 – 4

8.4.2 Using the EEC to determine the amount of a hazardous

substance that can be disposed of in g/ha/month 8 - 7

8.4.3 Using the EEC to determine the Total Load 8 - 8

8.5 Delisting a Hazardous Waste stream by means of treatment or tests8 - 9

Section 9: HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL 9 - 0

9.1 Introduction 9 - 2

9.2 Landfill 9 - 2

9.2.1 Total Load 9 - 2

9.2.2 Co-disposal at landfills 9 - 3

9.2.3 Encapsulation 9 - 3

9.2.4 Landfill disposal restrictions 9 - 3

9.2.5 Prohibition of waste disposal by landfill 9 - 4

9.2.6 Conditional disposal of organic waste 9 - 4

9.3 Historic pollution and accidental spills 9 - 4

9.4 Incineration 9 - 5

9.4.1 Disposal of infectious or medical waste 9 - 5

Section 10: WASTE HANDLING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION 10 - 0

10.1 Introduction 10 - 2

10.2 Collection and storage 10 - 3

10.2.1 Collection 10 - 3

10.2.2 Temporary Storage 10 - 3

10.2.3 Quantities of waste that can be temporarily accumulated 10 - 3

10.3 Packaging and labelling 10 - 4

10.3.1 Packaging 10 - 4

10.3.2 Labelling 10 - 4

10.4 Transport 10 - 4

10.4.1 Legislative control 10 - 4

10.4.2 Transport groups 10 - 5

10.4.3 Packaging 10 - 5

10.5 Emergency and remedial action 10 - 5

10.5.1 Temporary storage and accumulation 10 - 6

10.5.2 Transport 10 - 6

10.5.3 Reporting of road accidents and spillage 10 - 7

APPENDICES A1 - 1

WASTE CLASSIFICATION TABLES A9 - 6

GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY G - 1

REFERENCES R - 1

NOTES

LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix 1 International Waste Management A1 - 1

Appendix 2 Definition of Hazardous Waste A2 - 1

Appendix 3 Waste Minimisation A3 - 1

Appendix 5.1 Tests for Hazardous Properties A5 - 1

Appendix 5.2 List of Teratogens A5 - 2

Appendix 5.3 List of Mutagens and Carcinogens A5 - 3

Appendix 6.1 SABS Code 0228 Class Definitions A6 – 1

Appendix 7 Hazardous Waste Treatment Technologies A7 - 1

Appendix 8.1 Toxicity Criteria A8 - 1

Appendix 8.2 Delisting of a Hazardous Waste A8 - 5

Appendix 8.3 Examples of Calculation of the EEC A8 - 6

Appendix 8.4 Multiplication factor (Calculation of Total load) A8 - 8

Appendix 8.5 Toxicity Characteristic and Acid Rain Leaching Procedures A8 - 12

Appendix 9.1 Solvents of Concern A9 – 1

Appendix 9.2 Hazardous Waste Classification Tables A9 - 2