| | Management of Dead Bodies in Disaster Situations |
| | 0,78 | | MB |
| | 194 | | stron |
| | 3665 | | ID | World Health Organization |
| | 2004 | | rok |
| | Foreword .ix |
| | Preface .xi |
| | Acknowledgements . .xiii |
| | Chapter 1. Preparedness for mass deaths |
| | Introduction .1 |
| | Coordinating institutions .2 |
| | Duties .3 |
| | Preparation of the plan . .4 |
| | Technical programs .5 |
| | Body identification .5 |
| | Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control . .5 |
| | Training . .6 |
| | Simulations .7 |
| | Relations with the community . .8 |
| | Relations with the media . .8 |
| | Questions commonly asked after a disaster . .9 |
| | Guidelines for the official spokesperson . .9 |
| | Proactive approach to media relations for the official spokesperson . .9 |
| | Conclusions . .10 |
| | Bibliography . .11 |
| | Chapter 2. Medicolegal work in major disasters |
| | Introduction . .13 |
| | Organization of necessary personnel . .14 |
| | Organization and preparation of the team . .14 |
| | Formation of the group and the warning plan .15 |
| | Risk and vulnerability studies .15 |
| | Technical preparation of the team . .16 |
| | Cooperation agreements . .16 |
| | Exercises and simulations . .17 |
| | Material needs .18 |
| | Transport . .19 |
| | Communications . .20 |
| | Protective clothing and equipment . .21 |
| | Instruments and equipment .23 |
| | Body preservation measures .24 |
| | Temporary work cams or sites .25 |
| | Water and food .26 |
| | Medical care .27 |
| | Participants . .27 |
| | Disaster professionals . .27 |
| | Other participants in disaster response .31 |
| | Operations coordination . .32 |
| | Search for information .33 |
| | The place, the event, and the hazards .33 |
| | Presumed victims .34 |
| | Removal of dead bodies . .36 |
| | Procedures at the disaster site .37 |
| | Transfer of human remains .41 |
| | Holding and examination site . .41 |
| | Holding area .41 |
| | Viewing area .43 |
| | Examination area .43 |
| | Methods for identifying human remains .44 |
| | Identification using visual recognition .44 |
| | Identification using anthropological studies . .45 |
| | Other methods of identification . .47 |
| | DNA identification .47 |
| | Historic background .47 |
| | DNA identification process .49 |
| | Accepting cases, managing evidence, and maintaining |
| | chain of custody in DNA typing .51 |
| | Final disposal of corpses . .58 |
| | Low temperatures .59 |
| | Chemical processes .59 |
| | Embalming . .60 |
| | Burial . .65 |
| | Bibliography .66 |
| | Special bibliography on DNA . .68 |
| | Chapter 3. Health considerations in cases of mass fatalities |
| | Introduction . .71 |
| | Myths .72 |
| | Epidemiological risk of dead bodies in areas with endemic diseases . .73 |
| | Scientific basis of the absence of epidemiological risk in non-endemic areas .76 |
| | Animal corpses . .78 |
| | Conclusions . .81 |
| | Bibliography . .83 |
| | Chapter 4. Sociocultural aspects |
| | Introduction . .85 |
| | The funeral rite .86 |
| | Changes in funeral rites through history .88 |
| | Influence of culture, religion, and history on funeral .89 |
| | The symbolic value of the corpse and burial .95 |
| | Mourning and rituals in disaster situations . .97 |
| | Unresolved grief . .98 |
| | Arguments for the rapid disposal of corpses . .100 |
| | Disaster management experiences .101 |
| | Conclusions .104 |
| | Bibliography .106 |
| | Chapter 5. Psychological aspects |
| | Introduction .109 |
| | Specific vulnerabilities . .110 |
| | Grief . .111 |
| | The process of unresolved grief .113 |
| | Psychiatirc disorders among survivors .116 |
| | Notification of disappearance or death, and visual recognition of corpses .119 |
| | Psychosocial care for survivors .121 |
| | Psychosocial care for first response teams . .123 |
| | The importance of truthful, approriate, and timely information . .125 |
| | Role of the authorities .126 |
| | Conclusions .126 |
| | Bibliography .128 |
| | Chapter 6. Legal aspects |
| | Introduction .129 |
| | General regulations on managing corpses . .129 |
| | Unidentified bodies . .130 |
| | Missing persons .131 |
| | Identification of numerous corpses . .134 |
| | Consequences of failure to identify corpses .135 |
| | Provisions of national law .135 |
| | Provisions of international law . .138 |
| | Conclusions .146 |
| | Model law for management of dead bodies in disaster situations . .148 |
| | Bibliography .151 |
| | Chapter 7. Case studies |
| | The Peruvian experience in managing dead bodies in disaster situations: The Mesa Redonda fire, |
| | 2001 . .153 |
| | Introduction . .153 |
| | Actions of the Public Prosecutor’s Office .154 |
| | Actions of the Legal Medicine Institute of Peru . .155 |
| | Activities of the Public Ministry . .155 |
| | Public Ministry staff involved . .158 |
| | Achievements .159 |
| | Problems .160 |
| | Repercussions of the event .161 |
| | Conclusions and recommendations . .162 |
| | Management of dead bodies following the avalanche of the Casitas volcano in Nicaragua: Chronicle |
| | of a disaster within a disaster . .163 |
| | Summary .163 |
| | Introduction . .163 |
| | Materials and methods . .164 |
| | Results . .164 |
| | The scene of the disaster . .165 |
| | Institutional response .166 |
| | Management of dead bodies . .166 |
| | Discussion . .168 |
| | Bibliography . .170 |
| | Final recommendations .171 |
| | Myths and realities of management of dead bodies in disasters .172 |
| | Glossary . .173 |