Concern for Europe's tomorrow : health and environment in the

0,46

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WHO European Region : summary

98

stron

3678

ID

World Health Organization

2002

rok

CONTENTS

1. The background for Concern for Europe’s Tomorrow and its development .. 1

The genesis of Concern for Europe’s Tomorrow 3

The development of Concern for Europe’s Tomorrow . 4

The scope and purpose of Concern for Europe’s Tomorrow .. 6

Limitations and constraints . 7

Beyond Concern for Europe’s Tomorrow 8

2. Economic sectors 9

3. State of human health in the WHO European Region .. 11

4. Effects on health of environmental exposure . 15

Cardiovascular disease 16

Cancer . 17

Respiratory diseases 24

Communicable diseases 27

Injury and poisoning 30

Effects on the nervous system and mental disorders 31

Haematological effects 33

Musculoskeletal disorders .. 33

Birth defects and reproductive effects . 33

Wellbeing 34

Effects on health of non-environmental risk factors 35

Discussion .. 36

Priority issues 38

Tables: exposure to known environmental risk factors .. 42

5. Environmental exposures 51

Air quality .. 51

Water supply and quality 54

Wastewater and surface water .. 56

Wastes . 58

Contamination of food and drink.. 59

Exposure to selected chemicals . 61

Nonionizing radiation .. 62

Ionizing radiation . 64

Residential noise 65

Housing and the urban environment 66

Occupational health . 68

Accidents and man-made disasters 71

Environmental exposures in some CCEE and NIS 73

6. Environmental health management .. 75

7. Recommendations 77

Environmental health management .. 77

The database . 78

Air quality .. 78

Water .. 79

Wastes . 80

Contamination of food and drink.. 80

Exposure to selected chemicals . 81

Ionizing radiation . 81

Housing and the urban environment 82

Occupational health . 82

Accidents and man-made disasters 83

Transboundary issues . 84

References 85