Foreign Policy Aspects of the War against Terrorism

0,62
MB

145
stron

3729
ID House of Commons

2005
rok

Contents

Report

Conclusions and recommendations 3

1 Introduction 15

2 The ongoing threat from terrorism 17

Introduction 17

Tackling al Qaeda 17

Iraq 19

State sponsors of terrorism 21

3 The multilateral framework 23

The United Nations 23

The Counter Terrorism Committee (CTC) 23

UN Security Council Resolution 1540 and the 1540 Committee 24

Oil for food 25

The European Union 26

4 Human rights and the war against terrorism 29

Guantánamo Bay 30

Treatment of detainees by US personnel 32

Treatment of detainees by British personnel 35

Torture 36

Rendition of terrorist suspects 38

5 Iraq 42

Security situation 42

Continuing problems 42

Understanding the insurgency 43

Ending the insurgency 45

The Multi-National Force 52

Political developments 54

Electoral success 54

The ongoing political process 56

Bilateral relations 62

6 The Maghreb 63

Introduction 63

A strategically important region 63

International counter-terrorism co-operation 64

The Western Sahara 66

Religious teaching 68

EU policy towards the region 69

Migration 71

Algeria 72

Bilateral relations 72

Algeria and the war against terrorism 75

The political system, human rights and national reconciliation 79

Morocco 81

Bilateral relations 81

Morocco and the war against terrorism 82

Democratisation, human rights and national reconciliation 85

Libya 88

Bilateral relations 88

Libya and the war against terrorism 91

Libya’s weapons of mass destruction 92

Democratisation and human rights 95

7 The Middle East Peace Process 100

The London Meeting 100

8 Afghanistan 103

Political developments 103

Elections 103

The commanders: a continuing challenge 104

Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of militias (DDR) 105

Countering the drugs threat 106

Security 108

The International Security Assistance Force 108

Merging ISAF and Operation Enduring Freedom 110

The United Kingdom’s Special Envoy to Afghanistan 111

9 Non-proliferation 112

Introduction 112

The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 112

States of concern 115

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) 119

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) 121

Weapons of Mass Destruction produced in the former Soviet Union 122

Nuclear weapons 124

Chemical and biological weapons 125

Co-operative Threat Reduction (CTR) and the Nunn-Lugar programme 126

The Zangger Committee and the Nuclear Suppliers Group 127

The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) 128

Conventional weapons proliferation 128

The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) 130

The Container Security Initiative 132

Formal minutes 134

Witnesses 136

List of written evidence 137