Technology Against Terrorism: The Federal Effort

2,72
MB

111
stron

3757
ID U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment

1996
rok

Contents

Chapter 1. Summary

INTRODUCTION

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS .

Finding 1 .

Finding 2 .

Finding 3

Finding 4 .

Finding 5 .

STATE OF EXPLOSIVES DETECTOR DEVELOPMENT . .

Chapter 2. Introduction

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN COUNTERING TERRORISM .

OUTLINE OF THIS STUDY . .

Chapter 3. The Terrorist Threat .00. 000.0 l 0. l .l

INTRODUCTION .

A DEFINITIONAL FOCUS . .

TERRORISM: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE . .

Historical Origins . .

Contemporary Terrorism .

Two Decades of Terrorism: A Statistical Overview .

Terrorism in the Future . .

THE THREAT TO THE UNITED STATES .

Domestic Terrorism . .

International Terrorism . .

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS . .

Chapter 4. Research and Development . 0000 l 00.

INTRODUCTION .

Explosives Detection . .

Chemical and Biological Agents .

Physical Protection . .

Incident Response .

Data Dissemination .

DETECTING EXPLOSIVES .

Introduction .

The Explosive Threat . .

History .

Methods of Explosives Detection .

Accelerator Technology

X-Ray Technologies .

DEFENSE AGAINST CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE (CBW) AGENTS . .

Chemical and Biological Agents—Point and Remote Detection . .

PHYSICAL PROTECTION

Detectors and Alarms . .

Barriers .

Building Hardening . .

Aircraft Hardening . .

Access Control

Baltimore-Washington International (BWI) Airport Project . .

INCIDENT RESPONSE . ..

DATA DISSEMINATION .

Chapter 5. Conclusions Regarding Current Research and Development Into Detection of

Explosives .61

TESTING AND EVALUATION 62

MANAGING RESEARCH .63

Cooperation . 63

Time From Laboratory To Deployment.63

FAA RULEMAKING FOR EXPLOSIVES DETECTION SYSTEMS 64

Appendix A. Nuclear-based Explosives Detection Systems .0000 67

Appendix B. X-Ray-Based Detection Systems . 000 .0000 78

Appendix C. Vapor Detection Systems . l 00.81

Appendix D. Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Detection l l 87

Appendix E. Recent Federal Counterterrorism Research Efforts: Agencies and Their Budgets . 91

Appendix F. Congressional Request and Support Letters