Evaluation of Chemical Warfare Agent Percutaneous Vapor

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Toxicity: Derivation of Toxicity Guidelines for Assessing

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Chemical Protective Ensembles

3805

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory

2003

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CONTENTS

List of Tables .. v

Acronyms .. vii

Acknowledgments . ix

Executive summary .. xi

Abstract xiii

1. INTRODUCTION. 1

2. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE . 2

3. BACKGROUND 3

3.1 EVALUATIONS OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.. 3

3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE MAN-IN-SIMULANT (MIST) REPORT (NRC/BAST 1997) 3

3.2.1 General Test Protocols .. 4

3.2.2 Use of Biomarkers 4

3.2.3 Use of Methyl Salicylate (MeS) as a Simulant for CPE Testing . 4

4. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE FINDINGS.. 5

4.1 EFFECTS OF DERMAL EXPOSURES 5

4.1.1 Nerve Agents.. 5

4.1.2 Vesicant Agents. 5

4.2 ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL SKIN VARIATION IN ABSORPTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY BY

ANATOMIC SITE 6

4.2.1 Nerve Agents.. 7

4.2.2 Vesicant Agents. 8

4.2.3 Body Region Variation in Susceptibility.. 9

4.3 EXISTING TOXICITY CRITERIA 11

4.3.1 Acute Human Toxicity Estimates (NRC/COT 1997). 11

4.3.2 Current Military Estimates (Grotte and Yang 2001).. 11

5. EVALUTION AND DISCUSSION.. 13

5.1 DETERMINING TOXICITY GUIDELINE CRITERIA FOR CIVILIAN CPE.. 13

5.2 METHODS EVALUATED TO ESTIMATE MINIMAL EFFECT LEVELS .. 13

5.2.1 Method A.. 13

5.2.2 Method B.. 14

5.2.3 Method C.. 14

5.2.4 Method D.. 15

5.3 SUMMARY OF METHODS EVALUATION.. 17

5.4 EXPOSURE DURATION. 17

6. CONCLUSIONS 18

7. RECOMMENDATIONS .. 20

8. REFERENCES 21