Interim Voluntary Guidelines for Designing an Online

4,78

MB

Contaminant Monitoring System

563

stron

3824

ID

American Society of Civil Engineers

2004

rok

Contents

Section Page

Preface .v

Guidance and the Standards Process . vi

Methodology and Characteristics Project . vii

This Document viii

Next Steps.ix

Acknowledgements. xi

Executive Summary.xiii

The Contamination Problem (Section 1) xiii

Rationale for Online Monitoring and System Design Basics (Section 2) .xv

Using Contaminant Lists and Determining Concentrations to be Detected (Section 3). xvii

Selection and Siting of Instruments and Platforms (Section 4) . xviii

Data Analysis and the Use of Models (Section 5) . xxiv

Responses to Contamination Events (Section 7) . xxviii

Interfacing with Existing Surveillance Systems (Section 8).xxx

Operations, Maintenance, Upgrades and Exercising the System (Section 9) xxxi

Glossary.xxxv

Section 1 The Contamination Problem. 1-1

1.1 Water Supply . 1-1

1.1.1 Contamination Scenarios (Water Supply) 1-3

1.2 Wastewater/Stormwater 1-5

1.2.1 Contamination Scenarios (Wastewater and Stormwater) 1-6

Section 2 Rationale for Online Monitoring and System Design Basics 2-1

2.1 Risk Reduction Alternative 2-1

2.2 System Design Basics 2-2

2.2.1 Sample System Mission Statement 2-3

2.2.2 Resources and Constraints 2-3

2.2.3 Options 2-4

2.2.4 The Detailed Design Process 2-5

2.3 Water Supply . 2-5

2.3.1 Contamination Risks (Water Supply) 2-5

2.3.2 Risk Assessment for Water Supply 2-6

2.4 Wastewater/Stormwater 2-9

2.4.1 Public Health Risk Assessment for Wastewater Systems. 2-9

2.5 Risk Assessment Methodologies—Water Supply and Wastewater/Stormwater.2-10

2.6 Suggested Guidance.2-11

Section 3 Using Contaminant Lists and Determining Concentrations to be Detected 3-1

3.1 Water Supply Systems 3-1

3.1.1 Chemicals (Including Biotoxins) 3-1

3.1.2 Pathogens 3-4

3.1.3 Radioactive Materials 3-7

3.1.4 Contaminant Concentrations of Concern . 3-7

3.1.5 How to Use Contaminant Lists 3-9

3.1.6 Cooperation with Local, State and Federal Agencies 3-10

3.1.7 Suggested Guidance 3-11

3.2 Wastewater and Stormwater Systems 3-11

3.2.1 Contaminants of Concern in Wastewater and Stormwater Systems 3-11

Section 4 Selection and Siting of Instruments and Platforms. 4-1

4.1 Water Supply . 4-2

4.1.1 Surrogate Parameters. 4-2

4.1.2 Inferring the Presence of Contaminants from Surrogate Measures 4-3

4.1.3 Measuring Surrogate Parameters. 4-4

4.1.4 Selecting an Instrument Suite for Water Supply Monitoring. 4-12

4.1.5 Suggested Guidance for Selection of Instruments for Water Supply Systems 4-13

4.1.6 Siting of Platforms (Water Supply) 4-15

4.1.7 Selection of Sensor Platform Locations . 4-17

4.1.8 Suggested Guidance for Locating Instruments in Water Supply 4-21

4.2 Wastewater and Stormwater . 4-24

4.2.1 Detecting Volatile Organic Materials 4-25

4.2.2 Selecting an Instrument Site . 4-26

4.2.3 Suggested Guidance for Selection and Siting of Instruments for Wastewater and Stormwater

Systems 4-27

Section 5 Data Analysis and the Use of Models . 5-1

5.1 Water Supply . 5-2

5.1.1 Large Signal Events 5-2

5.1.2 Small Signal Events 5-2

5.1.3 Contaminant —Pulse Morphology—Water Supply 5-3

5.1.4 Contaminant Event Signatures. 5-4

5.1.5 Models . 5-4

5.1.6 Water Quality Models . 5-7

5.1.7 Model Applications 5-10

5.1.8 Suggested Guidance (Water Supply) 5-12

5.2 Wastewater/Stormwater Systems 5-13

5.2.1 Wastewater/Stormwater Models 5-13

5.2.2 Suggested Guidance (Wastewater/Stormwater). 5-17

Section 6 Communication System Requirements 6-1

6.1 Communication System Design Strategy. 6-2

6.2 Design Objectives 6-4

6.3 Suggested Guidance 6-7

Section 7 Responses to Contamination Events . 7-1

7.1 Notices . 7-2

7.2 Utility Action . 7-3

7.3 Implications for OCMS. 7-4

7.4 Suggested Guidance 7-4

Section 8 Interfacing With Existing Surveillance Systems. 8-1

8.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Grab Sample/Laboratory Analysis System 8-1

8.2 In Situ Monitoring 8-1

8.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Online Monitoring System 8-2

8.4 Administrative Matters 8-2

8.5 Suggested Guidance 8-2

Section 9 Operations, Maintenance, Upgrades, and Exercise of the System. 9-1

9.1 Suggested Guidance 9-1

9.1.1 Acceptable Up-Time, Mean Time Offline. 9-1

9.1.2 Scheduled Maintenance 9-2

9.1.3 Service Agreements . 9-2

9.1.4 Built-In Test Equipment 9-2

9.1.5 Communication Requirements 9-2

9.1.6 Manufacturer Support. 9-3

9.1.7 Supplies and Limited Life Components . 9-3

9.1.8 Spare Parts 9-4

9.1.9 Human Factors . 9-4

9.1.10 Upgrades in Technology. 9-6

9.1.11 Exercising the System 9-7

Appendix A White Papers