Natural Heritage Trends: The Seas Around Scotland 2004

7,66

MB

160

stron

3898

ID

Scottish Natural Heritage

2004

rok

Contents

Acknowledgements 2

Abbreviations 5

Foreword 7

Introduction 9

Part 1 11

Knowledge of the marine environment 11

1 Knowledge and enjoyment 12

Introduction 12

Trends 12

Issues and implications 15

Sources of data 16

References 16

2 Marine conservation 17

Introduction 17

Trends 20

Issues and implications 23

Sources of data 25

References 25

Part 2 27

Marine life 27

3 Sharks, skates and rays 28

Introduction 28

Trends 29

Issues and implications 32

Sources of data 32

References 32

4 Dolphins, porpoises and whales 33

Introduction 33

Trends 33

Issues and implications 36

Sources of data 37

References 38

5 Seals 39

Introduction 39

Trends 39

Issues and implications 40

Sources of data 41

References 41

6 Seabirds 42

Introduction 42

Trends 42

Issues and implications 46

Sources of data 46

References 46

Part 3 47

The use of the sea 47

7 Mariculture 48

Introduction 48

Trends 48

Issues and implications 49

Sources of data 51

References 51

8 Continental shelf fisheries 52

Introduction 52

Trends 53

Issues and implications 58

Sources of data 63

References 63

9 Deep-water fish and fisheries 65

Introduction 65

Trends 66

Issues and implications 66

Sources of data 68

References 68

Part 4 69

Quality of the marine environment 69

10 Coastal and estuarine environment quality 70

Introduction 70

Trends 71

Issues and implications 76

Sources of data 77

References 77

11 Marine litter 78

Introduction 78

Trends 79

Issues and implications 81

Sources of data 83

References 84

12 Non-native species 85

Introduction 85

Trends 85

Issues and implications 88

References 94

13 Environmental change 95

Introduction 95

Trends 95

Issues and implications 98

Sources of data 101

References 101

Additional source 101

Part 5 103

Conclusions 103

14 Conclusions 104

Summing up 110

Reference 110

Part 6 111

Appendices 111

Appendix 1:

SEPA coastal waters classification scheme 112

Appendix 2:

SEPA estuarine waters classification scheme 113

Appendix 3:

definition of microbiological requirements for guideline and mandatory passes of bathing waters

based on the minimum number of samples (20) that are taken from each location 114

Appendix 4:

Scottish marine environment data sources 115

Biological 116

Biological and chemical 127

Physical 135

Part 7 151

Have Your Say! 151

What do you think of the report? 152

Index 155