STRENGTHENING EUROPEAN ACTION ON WMD NON-PROLIFERATION

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AND DISARMAMENT: HOW CAN EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

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INSTRUMENTS CONTRIBUTE?

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SIPRI, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

2005

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Preface iii

Executive summary iv

The Pilot Project: Objectives and methodology 1

Pilot Project objectives . 1

The European context for non-proliferation and disarmament assistance 2

International non-proliferation and disarmament assistance . 4

The Community budget in regard to non-proliferation and disarmament assistance 4

Proposed changes to the financial instruments used to implement the budget 5

The use of the Community budget to support INDA programmes 7

The use of the Common Foreign and Security Policy budget to support the implementation of the

WMD Strategy 7

The threat to the EU from proliferation of CBRN weapons and materials . 8

A modern understanding of non-proliferation 10

The nature, availability and consequences of CBRN materials and technologies 10

Meeting the challenges to Europe from the proliferation of chemical, biological, radiological and

nuclear weapons 14

The case for expanding European contributions to international non-proliferation and disarmament

assistance 14

Setting priorities for the WMD Strategy 15

Recommendations 17

Criteria for selecting recommendations 18

Recommendations

1. Significantly expand the European Union INDA programme 19

2. Recommendations in the field of nuclear security.19

Halting nuclear material production 19

Recommendation for a specific project: Support the closure of the plutonium production reactor at

Zheleznogorsk in the Russian Federation Federation by financing the provision of an alternative

source of energy for the local community 20

Strengthening the physical security of HEU and plutonium 21

Recommendation for a specific project: Develop an integrated nuclear security assistance

programme to improve nuclear material accountancy and control and to strengthen nuclear

safeguards 22

Consolidating HEU and reducing stockpiles 22

Recommendation for a specific project to support HEU consolidation: Support the development of

nuclear research ‘centres of excellence’ 23

3. Recommendations in the field of radiological source security .23

Recommendation for a specific project: Establish a radiological source security programme 25

4. Recommendations in the field of biological weapons .26

Recommendation for a specific project: Define the concept of biological proliferation prevention 27

5. Recommendations in the field of chemical weapons 28

Destruction of chemical weapons in Russia 28

Recommendation for specific project: Contribute to the construction of a CWDF at Kizner in the

Russian Federation 31

Assisting implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention 31

Recommendation for a specific project: Assist the OPCW in the development of CWC national

implementation measures 32

6. Recommendations in the field of export control and border management assistance .33

Recommendation for a specific programme: Establish an EU export control assistance programme

36

7. Recommendations in the field of international science centres 37

8. Recommendations in the field of peaceful use of scientific potential 39

Recommendation for a specific project: Support the implementation of UN Security Council

Resolution 1540 41

Recommendation for a specific project: Initiate a dialogue on an ethical code of conduct for

scientists and businessmen 42