| | Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer: A Review of |
| | 2,54 | | MB | Recent Scientific Literature |
| | 50 | | stron |
| | 3912 | | ID | Lowell Center for Sustainable Production |
| | 2005 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1 |
| | INTRODUCTION 3 |
| | ESTIMATING ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANCER 4 |
| | A Look at Recent History . 4 |
| | Causes: Genes or Environment? . 6 |
| | PERSPECTIVES ON RESEARCH METHODS. 7 |
| | Epidemiologic and Animal Studies: Strengths and Limitations. 7 |
| | Cancer Clusters. 7 |
| | Cancer Incidence and Mortality Data . 8 |
| | THE STATE OF THE SCIENCE 9 |
| | Methodology . 9 |
| | The State of the Science by Cancer Type.12 |
| | Bladder Cancer.12 |
| | Bone Cancer .12 |
| | Brain and other Central Nervous System Cancers12 |
| | Breast Cancer .13 |
| | Cervical Cancer 14 |
| | Colon Cancer .15 |
| | Esophageal Cancer 15 |
| | Hodgkin’s Disease.15 |
| | Kidney Cancer16 |
| | Laryngeal Cancer .16 |
| | Leukemia.17 |
| | Liver and Biliary Cancer .17 |
| | Lung Cancer .18 |
| | Mesothelioma.19 |
| | Multiple Myeloma20 |
| | Nasal and Nasopharynx .20 |
| | Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 20 |
| | Ovarian Cancer 21 |
| | Pancreatic Cancer 21 |
| | Prostate Cancer22 |
| | Rectal Cancer .22 |
| | Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) .23 |
| | Skin Cancer.23 |
| | Stomach Cancer.23 |
| | Testicular Cancer .24 |
| | Thyroid Cancer 24 |
| | COMMENTS AND DISCUSSION .25 |
| | RECOMMENDATIONS.29 |
| | REFERENCES.30 |
| | APPENDICES37 |
| | Appendix 1. Substances and mixtures that have been evaluated by IARC as definite (group 1) |
| | human carcinogens and that are occupational exposures 37 |
| | Appendix 2. Occupations or industries evaluated by IARC as definitely, probably, or possibly |
| | entailing excess risk of cancer among workers. 39 |
| | Appendix 3. Definite or probable occupational carcinogens and carcinogenic circumstances, by site. |
| | 40 |
| | Appendix 4. Mortality rates from cancer and heart disease for ages youngyounger than 85 and 85 |
| | and older, 1975-2001. .41 |
| | Appendix 5. Incidence rates for all cancer sites by race and sex for ages 64 and under, 1973-2001 |
| | 42 |
| | Appendix 6. Incidence rates for all cancer sites by race and sex for ages 65 and over, 1973-2001 |
| | 43 |
| | Appendix 7. Mortality rates for all cancer sites by race and sex for ages 64 and under, 1969-2001. |
| | 44 |
| | Appendix 8. Mortality rates for all cancer sites by race and sex for ages 65 and over, 1969-2001. |
| | 45 |
| | Appendix 9. Incidence rates for lung & bronchus cancers by race and sex, 1973-2001. .46 |