Military Munitions and Explosives of Concern: A Handbook for

2,97

MB

Federal Land Managers, with Emphasis on Unexploded

96

stron

3926

ID

U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management

2006

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FIGURES AND CAPTIONS viii

TABLES .ix

PRIMARY DEFINITIONS x

ACRONYMS xii

PREFACE .xiv

CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION 1-1

1.1 Background .1-1

1.2 The Need for Safe Management of Transferred DoD Lands 1-2

1.3 Handbook Layout 1-2

CHAPTER 2 — BLM AND FWS PRINCIPLES FOR MANAGING MEC .2-1

2.1 General Statements of BLM and FWS Principles 2-1

2.1.1 BLM 2-1

2.1.2 FWS .2-2

2.1.3 Department of Defense 2-2

2.2 Acquisition of Lands Containing MEC .2-2

2.3 Explosives Safety 2-2

2.4 Inventory of Sites Containing MEC .2-3

2.5 Risk Management .2-3

2.5.1 Responsibility for Risk Assessment 2-3

2.5.2 Risk Management Planning .2-3

2.5.3 Risk Management When Archeological Sites, Traditional Cultural Properties, or Historic

Properties Are Present .2-3

2.6 Land Use Plans .2-4

2.7 Munitions Response Actions at Sites Containing MEC .2-4

2.7.1 Responsible Party 2-4

2.7.2 Remedy Selection 2-4

2.7.3 Site Access .2-4

2.7.4 Responses Involving Land Use Controls 2-4

2.7.5 Additional Removal and Remedial Actions at a MEC Site .2-4

2.8 Munitions Response Sites Prioritization Protocol 2-5

CHAPTER 3 — RISK FROM MUNITIONS AND EXPLOSIVES OF CONCERN .3-1

3.1 Potential Munitions on BLM and FWS Sites .3-1

3.2 MEC Risk Factors 3-2

3.2.1 Presence of MEC .3-2

3.2.2 Likelihood of a MEC Encounter .3-3

3.2.3 Likelihood of Detonation 3-8

3.2.4 Consequences of Detonation .3-9

CHAPTER 4 — MEC RISK MANAGEMENT .4-1

4.1 Elements of Risk Management .4-1

4.2 Objective of Risk Management 4-1

4.3 Use of a Conceptual Site Model to Identify and Assess Risk 4-3

4.4 Methods for Eliminating or Minimizing Sources of Risk 4-2

4.4.1 Emergency Munitions Response Action 4-2

4.4.2 Non-emergency Munitions Response Action 4-3

4.5 Methods for Preventing or Minimizing MEC Encounters .4-3

4.5.1 Land Use Controls .4-3

4.5.2 Training and Education to Minimize Inappropriate Actions by Persons Encountering MEC .4-4

4.6 The Special Case of Wildland Firefi ghting and Rehabilitation of Burn Areas .4-5

CHAPTER 5 — SAFETY AND REPORTING PROCEDURES .5-1

5.1 Safety Issues Related to MEC 5-1

5.2 Safety Guidelines to Follow When Encountering UXO and DMM .5-1

5.3 Process for Reporting MEC and Requesting DoD Support .5-2

5.3.1 Emergency Response Procedures for Reporting UXO or DMM Encounters .5-2

5.3.2 Details to Include in Reports on UXO or DMM Encounters 5-3

5.3.3 Procedures for Requesting an Emergency Response 5-3

5.3.4 Reporting Procedure for Requesting a Non-emergency Response .5-3

5.4 Role of the BLM and FWS Land Manager .5-4

5.5 Information for Visitors and Authorized Users About UXO and DMM 5-5

5.5.1 Hold-Harmless Waiver 5-5

5.5.2 Web Site .5-5

CHAPTER 6 — MEC SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND MUNITIONS RESPONSE OPERATIONS .6-

1

6.1 Procedure for Requesting Technical Support from DoD 6-1

6.2 Site Characterization .6-2

6.3 Site Characterization Technologies .6-2

6.3.1 Primary Technologies 6-3

6.3.2 Secondary Technologies 6-4

6.3.3 Technological Advancements 6-6

6.4 Munitions Response Operations .6-6

6.5 Selection of a Response Action .6-7

6.6 MEC Excavation Technologies .6-8

6.6.1 Manual Methods 6-8

6.6.2 Mechanized Systems .6-8

6.6.3 Remote-Controlled Systems 6-8

CHAPTER 7 — MEC-RELATED STATUTES, POLICIES, AND REFERENCES .7-1

7.1 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 7-1

7.2 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 7-1

7.3 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 7-2

7.4 Endangered Species Act of 1973 7-2

7.5 Department of the Interior Manual .7-2

7.6 Department of the Army Technical Manual, Ammunition, General 7-2

7.7 Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Procedures Field Manual 7-2

GLOSSARY .G-1