| | OVERVIEW OF MONITORING IN THE BALTIC SEA |
| | 0,82 | | MB |
| | 42 | | stron |
| | 3932 | | ID | AquaMarine Advisers Environmental & Living Resources Consultancy |
| | 2001 | | rok |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| | Section Page |
| | 1 INTRODUCTION1 |
| | 2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE BALTIC SEA 1 |
| | 2.1.1 Topography and hydrography 1 |
| | 2.1.2 Biodiversity2 |
| | 2.1.3 Pollution2 |
| | 2.1.3.1 Toxic substances .2 |
| | 2.1.3.2 Nutrients and Eutrophication .4 |
| | 2.1.4 Ecosystem stress.5 |
| | 3 MONITORING5 |
| | 3.1 The network for monitoring, assessment, advice, and regulation in the Baltic Sea .6 |
| | 3.1.1 HELCOM 6 |
| | 3.1.1.1 Aim of the Conventions 6 |
| | 3.1.1.2 Organization and operations.6 |
| | 3.1.1.3 Monitoring and periodic assessments 7 |
| | 3.1.1.4 HELCOM’s marine monitoring in the Baltic Sea8 |
| | 3.1.1.5 HELCOM’s Pollution Load Compilation Monitoring Programme .8 |
| | 3.1.1.6 HELCOM PITF Inventory on status of JCP Hot Spots 8 |
| | 3.1.1.7 Information Databases of HELCOM8 |
| | 3.1.1.8 COMBINE: Programme for monitoring eutrophication and its effects .9 |
| | 3.1.2 IBSFC 14 |
| | 3.1.2.1 Organization and operations. 14 |
| | 3.1.2.2 Baltic 21 . 15 |
| | 3.1.3 ICES 16 |
| | 3.1.3.1 Function and organization 16 |
| | 3.1.3.2 Scientific and advisory roles. 17 |
| | 3.1.3.3 Baltic Sea activities 18 |
| | 3.1.4 BMB 19 |
| | 3.1.4.1 Organization and operations. 19 |
| | 3.1.4.2 Working groups. 19 |
| | 3.1.5 National institutions . 20 |
| | 3.2 Monitoring components . 20 |
| | 3.2.1 Hydrography and hydrochemistry 20 |
| | 3.2.2 Sedimentation 21 |
| | 3.2.3 Benthos 21 |
| | 3.2.3.1 Soft bottom macrozoobenthos . 21 |
| | 3.2.3.2 Phytobenthos. 22 |
| | 3.2.4 Plankton 22 |
| | 3.2.4.1 Phytoplankton 22 |
| | 3.2.4.2 Zooplankton. 24 |
| | 3.2.5 Fish 24 |
| | 3.2.5.1 The main commercially exploited species . 25 |
| | 3.2.5.2 Offshore fish and fisheries 25 |
| | 3.2.5.3 Fish and fisheries in coastal waters . 26 |
| | 3.2.5.4 Fisheries science and advice 27 |
| | 3.2.5.5 Fish ecology and health in coastal areas 31 |
| | 3.2.6 Aquatic Birds. 32 |
| | 3.2.7 Marine Mammals . 33 |
| | 3.2.8 Alien species 33 |
| | 3.2.9 Monitoring contaminants and their effects 34 |
| | 3.3 Quality assured databases . 36 |
| | 3.3.1 ICES oceanographic data. 36 |
| | 3.3.2 ICES fisheries data 37 |
| | 3.3.3 ICES environmental data37 |
| | 3.3.4 Geographical Information Systems 38 |
| | 4 CONCLUSIONS.. 38 |