The Use of Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate in PVC Medical Devices:

0,29
MB Exposure, Toxicity, and Alternatives

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stron

4053
ID Health Care Without Harm

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rok

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 1

Introduction 7

CHAPTER ONE

Use of Polyvinyl Chloride Plastics and DEHP in Medical Devices 9

CHAPTER TWO

Human Exposure to DEHP 11

CHAPTER THREE

Toxicity of DEHP in Animals and Humans . 21

Disposition of DEHP 23

Acute toxicity 24

Reproductive and developmental toxicity . 24

Nephrotoxicity of DEHP . 28

Cardiotoxicity of DEHP 29

Pulmonary toxicity of DEHP 30

Hepatotoxicity of DEHP . 30

Mechanisms of effects of DEHP 33

Calculating human risk from DEHP exposure 37

CHAPTER FOUR

Risk Management Options for DEHP in PVC Medical Devices . 39

CHAPTER FIVE

Alternatives to PVC in the Medical Bags and Tubing Markets . 41

CHAPTER SIX

Conclusions 53

Appendix:

The Links Between PVC Production and Disposal and the Creation of Dioxin 55

Endnotes . 61

Bibliography 65