Division of Power and Foundation of Local Self-government in

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Northwest Russia and the Baltic States

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Nordregio

2001

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Table of contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1

Regional and local structures 2

Russian regional administration. 4

Regional administration and regional policy in the Baltic States 7

INTRODUCTION. 11

I REGIONAL AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION . 13

1. THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 14

2. STRUCTURE OF REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION. 16

2.1 The structure of regional administration in northwest Russia. 17

3. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 18

4. FEDERAL ORGANS ESTABLISHED AT REGIONAL LEVEL. 20

4.1 The representative of the president . 20

5. THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AT SUBJECT LEVEL 21

6. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 23

7. ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL 24

II PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA, THE CITY OF ST PETERSBURG,

LENINGRAD OBLAST, MURMANSK OBLAST AND KALININGRAD OBLAST. 27

1. THE REPUBLIC OF KARELIA 27

1.1 Regional administration in the Republic of Karelia 27

1.2 Federal bodies in the Republic of Karelia 28

1.3 Local government in the Republic of Karelia 29

1.4 Economy of the Republic of Karelia 31

2. THE CITY OF ST PETERSBURG. 32

2.1 The regional administration of St Petersburg 32

2.2 Treaty between the City of St Petersburg and the administration of President Yeltsin . 34

2.3 Federal organs situated in St Petersburg 35

2.4 Local administration in St Petersburg. 37

2.5 Economy of St Petersburg 37

2.6 The strategic plan for St Petersburg. 39

3. LENINGRAD OBLAST. 40

3.1 The regional administration of Leningrad oblast 40

3.2 Treaty between Leningrad oblast and the administration of President Yeltsin. 42

3.3 Federal bodies in the Leningrad oblast 43

3.4 Local self-government in Leningrad oblast. 44

3.5 Economy of Leningrad oblast 44

3.6 Relations between Leningrad oblast and the City of St Petersburg 45

4. MURMANSK OBLAST 46

4.1 Regional administration of Murmansk oblast 46

4.2 Federal bodies in Murmansk oblast. 49

4.3 The local self-government system in Murmansk oblast. 49

4.4 Economy of Murmansk oblast 49

5. KALININGRAD OBLAST 50

5.1 Regional administration of Kaliningrad oblast. 50

5.2 The treaty between Kaliningrad oblast and President Yeltsin's government 51

5.3 Local self-government in Kaliningrad oblast. 53

5.4 Economy of Kaliningrad oblast . 53

6. NORDIC CO-OPERATION WITH NORTHWESTERN RUSSIA: THE FINNISH EXAMPLE 54

III THE BALTIC STATES . 57

1. ESTONIA 58

1.1 Organs of central government reform 58

1.2 Regional administration under central government 59

1.3. Local self government 60

2. LATVIA. 62

2.1 Organs of central government reform 62

2.2 Local self-government 63

2.3 Development of local government . 64

3. LITHUANIA 66

3.1. Organs of central government reform 66

3.2. Regional government under the central government . 67

3.3. Local government 68

3.4. Economy of the local authorities . 69

IN CONCLUSION . 71

Sources. 73

IV INTRODUCTION TO THE STATISTICS 77

STATISTICAL TABLES AND MAPS