Environmental Data - Germany 2002

6,71
MB

60
stron

4139
ID Federal Environmental Agency, Germany

2002
rok

Human Activities and the Environment

Environment and the Consumer

Direct use of natural resources by household consumption 5

Household energy consumption for 1995 in PJ 5

Domestic household consumer expenditure according to use 6

Environmental awareness and behaviour 6

Household waste . 7

Drinking water consumption by households and small businesses 7

Use of detergents . 7

Leisure and tourism behaviour 1999 8

Environment and the Economy

Use of resources and emissions 9

Resource conservation 10

Extractions and discharges of materials in million tonnes 10

Economic growth and pollutant emissions 11

Daily growth in residential and transport-related land use 11

Environmental expenditure 12

Employment in the environmental sector 1998 12

European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) 13

Energy taxes . 13

Environment and Energy

Primary energy consumption by sector in PJ 14

Primary energy generation by fuel in PJ 14

Electricity generation from renewable energy sources in million kWh 15

Energy conservation / energy efficiency 15

Environment and Transport

Distribution of road traffic 16

Emissions from road transport 16

Modal split in passenger transport 17

Modal split in freight transport 17

Environment and Agriculture

Agricultural land use and organic farming in thousand ha 18

Structure of agricultural holdings 1999 18

Use of renewable raw materials 18

Livestock population in thousands 19

Turnover of fertiliser in ktonnes nutrient 19

Nutrient surplus (total balances) 20

Turnover of pesticides in ktonnes 20

Environment and Waste Management

Waste generation in ktonnes 21

Municipal waste generation in ktonnes 21

Generation of hazardous waste in ktonnes 21

Disposal in waste disposal facilities in million tonnes 22

Transboundary movement of waste in ktonnes 22

Recycling of sales packaging in ktonnes 23

Waste paper input in % 23

Recycling of glass containers in ktonnes 24

Share of returnable packaging of beverages in % 24

Production and recycling of PVC in ktonnes 25

Sales and returns of batteries in tonnes 25

Pressures, State and Responses

The Earth’s Atmosphere

Production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (CFCs) 26

Column ozone levels at Hohenpeißenberg 26

UV radiation . 26

Greenhouse gas emissions in CO2 equivalents according to source category in ktonnes 27

Global energy-related CO2 emissions 28

Trends in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 29

Climate trends. 29

Commitments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions 30

Air

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in million tonnes 31

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions in ktonnes 31

Nitrogen oxide (NOX calculated as NO2) emissions in ktonnes 32

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in ktonnes 32

Ammonia (NH3) emissions in ktonnes 33

Particulate emissions in ktonnes 33

Methane (CH4) emissions in ktonnes 34

Dinitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions in ktonnes 34

Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 35

Particulate matter components (PM10) 35

Concentrations of ground level ozone μg/m3 (annual mean levels) 36

Frequency of ozone thresholds being exceeded 36

Ambient air quality in urban agglomerations 37

Benzene concentrations in μg/m3 (annual mean values) 37

Soot levels in PM10 and PM2.5 fractions 37

Soil

Deposition of atmospheric pollutants 1998 in hundred tonnes 38

Wet deposition (annual mean at UBA measuring stations) 39

Heavy metals in precipitation in g/ha 40

Critical loads . 41

Exceedances of critical loads for acidification 1995 41

Exceedances of critical loads for eutrophication 1995 41

Water

Water abstraction by sector in billion m3 42

Waste water treatment in billion m3 42

Population connected to waste water treatment plants 42

Nutrient inputs .43

Phosphorus pollution (estimates for 1993–1997) in ktonnes 43

Nitrogen pollution (estimates for 1993–1997) in ktonnes 43

Heavy metal pollution (annual inputs 1993–1997) in tonnes 44

Pesticide pollution (estimates for 1993–1994) in tonnes 44

Chemical water quality 45

Biological water quality 1995 45

Water quality of selected lakes 1999 (annual mean values) 46

Nutrient pollution in the North Sea 47

Heavy meta pollution in the North Sea 47

Groundwater pollution through pesticides 1999 48

Occurrence of pesticides in groundwater at the water table (1990–1995) 48

Biodiversity and Selected Ecological Systems

Trends in forest damage (all species) 49

Trends in the condition of tree crowns by species (level of significant damage) in % 49

Endangered wild animal and plant species 50

Endangered biotope types 1994 50

Development of protected areas in Germany 51

Protected areas according to the EU Habitats Directive 51

Environment and Health

Atmospheric pollution through airborne dust 52

Drinking water quality 52

Bathing water quality. 53

Food monitoring . 53

Human bio-monitoring. 54

Dioxins in mother’s milk 54

Effect of pollution on young adults 55

Public annoyance from noise 55

Public exposure to radiation 2000 56