Review of scientific literature on microbial dechlorination and

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chlorination of key chlorinated compounds

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University of Arizona

2005

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acronyms 4

1. Introduction 6

2. Summary of most important developments 6

2.a. Microbial dechlorination 6

2.b. Microbial chlorination 7

3. Microbial dechlorination 7

3.a. General reviews 7

3.b. Microbial dechlorination 8

Vinyl chloride (VC) and other chlorinated ethenes 8

Perchloroethylene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE) 9

Carbon tetrachloride (CT) and chloroform (CF) 11

Chloromethane (CM) and dichloromethane (DCM) 11

1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) and other chlorinated ethanes 12

Chlorobenzenes 13

Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and –furans (CDDs/CDFs) 13

Hexachlorobutadiene and octachlorostyrene 13

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 13

Miscellaneous chlorinated compounds 14

3.c. In vitro degradation of chlorinated compounds 15

3.d. New tools & techniques to assess the biodegradation of chlorinated compounds 16

Detection of Chlorinated Compounds 16

Detection of Microbial Populations 16

Mathematical Tools 17

Cell Based Bioassays 17

4. Microbial chlorination 17

4.a. General reviews 17

4.b. Microbial chlorination in the environments 18

Chloromethanes and other chlorinated compounds 18

4.c. Chlorination by freshwater and marine organisms 18

Chloromethanes 18

Other chlorinated compounds 19

4.d. Chlorinating enzymes 20

5. References Cited 21

6. Annex 25