Technical and Regulatory Guidance for Design, Installation, and

1,57

MB

Monitoring of Alternative Final Landfill Covers

198

stron

4164

ID

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council

2003

rok

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . iii

1. ALTERNATIVE FINAL COVERS 1

1.1 Introduction .1

1.2 Alternative Cover Concepts 2

1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages .9

2. COVER GOALS AND REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY 10

2.1 Cover Goals and Objectives 10

2.2 RCRA Regulations and Guidance .10

2.3 Flexibility in State Solid Waste Regulations.14

3. PERFORMANCE GOALS AND CRITERIA.16

3.1 Primary Goals for Alternative Landfill Cover System Designs16

3.2 Secondary Goals20

3.3 Types of Hazards Related to Risks Associated with Landfill Systems.21

4. DESIGN27

4.1 Introduction .27

4.2 Preliminary/Conceptual Design.28

4.3 Site Characterization .30

4.4 Design Sensitivity Analysis and Predictive Hydrologic Modeling.46

4.5 Final Design and Evaluation .58

5. COVER CONSTRUCTION67

5.1 Introduction .67

5.2 Preconstruction Cover Material Specifications .68

5.3 Construction Methods .70

5.4 Construction Quality Control 78

5.5 Record Keeping .87

5.6 Construction Certification .89

6. POST-CLOSURE CARE.90

6.1 Introduction .90

6.2 Flux Monitoring.91

6.3 Cover Integrity Monitoring .91

6.4 Leachate Management for Solid Waste Landfills .95

6.5 Post-Closure Monitoring System Evaluation 100

6.6 Post-Closure Considerations in Alternative Final Cover Design 102

7. STAKEHOLDER INPUT113

8. REFERENCES 115

APPENDIXES

Appendix A. Acronyms

Appendix B. Alternative Final Cover Survey Results

Appendix C. Examples of State Regulatory Flexibility

Appendix D. Key Terms

Appendix E. Attributes and Inputs of Cover Design Models